Based on the reports of examination preschool and school-aged children for the 2008-2014 year we can conclude that nowadays the issue of prevention of dental diseases among the inspected groups of children is actually

Objective: to conduct a study of the basic epidemiological and clinical data of myasthenia in Leningrad region. The analysis of inpatient and outpatient charts of all patients with myasthenia, who were treated at the neurology department of the Leningrad Regional Clinical Hospital (LOKB) from 2003 to 2012. The estimation of incidence and prevalence of the disease per 100 000 population, the basic gender-age characteristics and clinical features of myasthenia in Leningrad region. According to the findings myasthenia gravis is not a rare disease, the prevalence of myasthenia gravis in the whole area is 4.6 cases, the average incidence was 0.29 cases per 100 000 population. The prevalence of myasthenia gravis in Leningrad region is lower than in other regions of Russia. Among patients women predominate in the age group 45-59 years, and there is a significant number of patients with disease onset in middle and old age.

This review introduces readers to the problems of improving dental care in workers of metallurgical production and the main methods of prevention of dental diseases. The presented data show the features of the dental status of the surveyed population. The article describes the basic ways of prevention of dental diseases and observance of rules of hygiene of the oral cavity in workers of metallurgical production.

The review is dedicated to the interrelationship between temporomandibular disorder and such factors as malocclusion, teeth alteration, dynamic occlusal factors, orthodontic treatment, position of heads of mandibular relative to glenoid fossa. Some aspects of temporomandibular disorder treatment are also discussed.

The problem of education of the individuality through the culture with the help of development of value potential in physical culture is discussed in the article. Improving the efficiency of education of medical students is becoming the leading aim of high school, which is connected with the development of culture of thinking, imagination, feelings and human creativity. Development of human motor capabilities is inseparable from the development of his personal qualities in physical education. One of the most important tasks of the educational process at high school is providing the motivation of a healthy lifestyle, motivation for physical culture and sports. Promotion of a healthy lifestyle should go through the activation of incentive mechanisms and a number of other phenomena of the individual's inner world. Efficiency of this approach is that it provides activity of a person in questions connected with preservation of individual and public health. The article tells us about the need to develop programs that can promote future professionals to form healthy and productive lifestyle, sustained motivation to permanent physical self-improvement. The problem can be successfully solved in the process of learning such course as «Physical education».

This article gives a review of major experimental studies devoted to the effect of mobile phone electromagnetic emission on brain. The most relevant and fundamental studies were reviewed. Both positive and negative results were analyzed to give a straight answer, if mobile phone emission effects brain electrophysiology, cognitive function, subjective symptoms and blood-brain barrier permeability.

Scientifically proven close relationship of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with development of metabolic syndrome and its individual components involves the conclusion that the target organ in metabolic symptom, even regardless of the severity of obesity, the liver occupies a dominant position, as the body undergoes the first characteristic of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease changes, involving violation of metabolism in the body. Dislipoproteinemia plays an important role in the formation of metabolic syndrome in obesity and other obesity-associated diseases. Altered liver function are the root cause of violations of processes of lipid metabolism and, consequently, abnormal functioning of the liver may be a separate, additional and independent risk factor for development of dyslipidemia and obesity as the main component of the metabolic syndrome.

The essence of medical and psychological support is a continuous monitoring of functional and mental state of specialists and the system of mental health interventions aimed at maintaining the optimal level of occupational performance. The scientific basis of this direction is the idea of an integrated system of professional psychological and physiological adaptation in normal conditions, in condition of pre-pathology and pathology. Psychophysiological (professional and psychological) examination of specialists is an integral part of medical and psychological support, and presents a set of measures aimed at in-depth study of individual psychological characteristics of personality and evaluation of the specialists' organism functional reserves in the process of their occupational duties implementation to determine the conformity of their professionally important qualities to the requirements of specific occupational activity.

This article uncovers humanistic substance of bioethics - a discipline which originated in 1960's. Bioethics has an interdisciplinary character and presents itself as a reflection on problematic situations, which can appear as a result of biomedical progress. Bioethics in a wider sense can be viewed as ethics of life, which highlights its ecological substance. This article analyses the problem of consequences of radical human transformation and also the article shows significance of leading principle of «personal autonomy of the patient». In the article functions and goals of ethical committees, existing in various countries, are highlighted. In conclusion, the article highlights specifics of bioethics as a syncretic discipline, which assists development of humanism and responds to modern civilization's challenges.

Comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation is gradually becoming the «gold standard» in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It includes physical training, correction of nutritional status, patient education, psychological and social support.

Refractory chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is the complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) that signi ficantly impacts quality of life, may be associated with morbidity and mortality and has limited treatment options. 16 adult pts (median age 22, range 16 - 51 y.o.) with refractory cGVHD were enrolled. 6 pts were on steroids upon inclusion. 11 patients had severe (NIH) cGVHD, 6 - moderate, and have received 1-3 anti-cGVHD treatments before IL-2. Pts received IL-2 sc injections 1 MIU 3 times a week. Median duration of treatment was 2.5 moths (range 1 - 8 months). Partial clinical response was observed in 5 pts, complete response in 2 pts with overall response of 44 %. There was an improvement of Karnofsky in 25 % of pts, reduction in NIH severity scores in 37.5 % of and any objective response also in 44 % of pts. With median follow-up of 14 months overall survival was 62.5 %, non-relapse mortality was 12.5 % (2 pts), 25 % of patients had a relapse of underlying disease.

Pathogenesis of acute leukemia is associated with the presence of genetic and functional aberrations in hematopoietic stem cells. However, as one of the possible factors contributing to the progression of disease could be regarded as the pull of the stromal cells of bone marrow. In this paper we evaluated the major functional characteristics of stromal cells: proliferative activity, hematopoiesis supportive and differentiation ability, as well as analysis of the expression of adhesion molecules. Stromal cells derived from acute leukemia patients in comparison with healthy donors are characterized by a high proliferative activity and a pronounced ability to osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation with prominent expression of hematopoietic stem cells homing mediating molecules.

The article describes personality features, self-regulation patterns and professional orientation of medical students. It represents the results of the study conducted among the fourth year students. The sample is characterized with high enough behavior regulation, extraversion, high learning potential, flexible thinking, following intuition and personal opinion in profession choice. High anxiety as personality feature and stress vulnerability is typical for female students; independence tendency is typical for male students.

AH is accompanied by deep metabolic and functional violations in organism tissue, including also the parodentium. The special attention is drawn by efficiency of the metabolic preparations possessing multimodal actions and allowing carrying out therapy of a number of states. The preparation of L-carnitine which is a perspective remedy for patients with AH associated with Inflammatory Deseased of Parodentium belongs to such means. In work studying of clinical efficiency and mechanisms action of L-carnitine in patients with AH and inflammatory diseases of parodentium was carried out. 70 patients with AH associated with IPD were divided into groups by way of simple randomization: a group with inclusion of a L-carnitine into the treatment and a control group, receiving only standard therapy. In the conducted research high antioxidant activity of the preparation is confirmed and the effect of L-carnitine normalizing tissue microcirculation is noted.

The study aimed to examine the features of neurological manifestations of diabetes mellitus type 1 by using insulin therapy with continuous subcutaneous infusion and multiple subcutaneous injections. The evaluation of neurological status and testing of two groups of patients matched for age, duration of the disease and level of glycated hemoglobin, which differed in the method of insulin therapy were performed. The results demonstrated that the patients from the group of continuous subcutaneous infusion in comparison with the group of multiple subcutaneous injections have had a lower severity of major neurological manifestations as well as better emotional condition.

The article reflects the importance of timely diagnosis sarcomeric and non sarcomeric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The results of the phenotypic and genotypic screenings aimed at identifying HCM phenocopies and, in particular Fabry disease, in the structure of left ventricular hypertrophy of unknown origin in patients of the North-West region of Russia. We analyzed the influence of polymorphisms in the intronic and promoter regions of the GLA gene on clinical course and the presence of extracardiac manifestations.

The aim of the study: to compare new generation immunochemical test (FIT) with traditional guaiac test (FOB) in detection of fecal occult blood. A cohort of 300 patients referred for colonoscopy was examined by two different tests for FOB: quick test (CV) (FIT test for haemoglobin (Hb) and haemoglobin/haptoglobin (Hb/Hp) complex) and (quaiac test for Hb). Three fecal samples were tested and all subjects were examined by diagnostic colonoscopy with biopsy verification. The performance indicators (sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and area under the curve (AUC)) were calculated for both tests using three endpoints (adenoma (A), adenoma/ carcinoma (A/AC) and carcinoma (AC)). Colonoscopy (and biopsies) disclosed normal results in 114 (38.0 %) subjects, A in 91cases (30.3 %) and AC in 95 (31.7 %) patients. For the combined A + AC endpoint, the HS test had SE of 58.3 % and SP of 96.5 % (AUC = 0.774), while the CV test had 97.2 % SE and 85.8 % SP (AUC = 0.916) (p = 0.0001). For the A endpoint, the difference between HS and CV was even more significant, AUC = 0.637 and AUC = 0.898, respectively (p = 0.0001). For the AC endpoint, the HS test had SE of 85.3 % and SP of 96.5 % (AUC = 0.909), while the CV test had 100.0 % SE and 85.1 % SP (AUC = 0.925) (p = 0.0001). The ColonView test can be represented as a rapid test in the screening programme for colorectal cancer.

Patients with abnormal left ventricular outflow tract had middle lactic acidemia with detected cytochrome C release into the bloodstream and liberation of protein PGC1a (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha) with elevation its blood concentration reflecting mitochondrial biogenesis in tissues.

In the analysis of plasma amino acid profile in a group of patients with left ventricular outflow tract pathology (n = 151) increased levels of serine, alanine, arginine, and lysine has been found. These metabolic shifts can be linked with the development of circulatory deficiency and mitochondrial dysfunction. The differentiation of the reference values intervals helps in the assessment of individual amino acid profiles.

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death and disability in the population in most developed countries. The organization of the vascular bed is an objective indicator of the state of the trophic tissue of any organ. The aim is to identify the individually-typological and concomitant variability of morphological characteristics of the coronary arteries in adults of the second period of mature and elderly. Materials and Methods: 161 coronary angiograms were investigated without evidence of pathological changes in coronary arteries of people of both sexes aged 36 to 74 years using the programs «Syngo Fast View», «ImageJ», «Adobe Photoshop CS7», «Microsoft Excel», «SPSS». Results: We identified the indivi-dually-typological and concomitant characteristics of the coronary arteries in people of different ages and sex in norm. Conclusions: Right and left coronary arteries have 3 types for the length of the main trunk (short, medium, long) and types of interposition of the branches of first order: 1 - compact (less than 47.420, less than 45.430), uniform (47.42 - 83.78; 45.43 -82.77), 3 - sparse (more than 83.78, 82.77 or more, respectively) depending on the angle between them (in diastole). Received data about anatomy of coronary arteries allows a more objective approach to the definition of tactics of treatment of cardiac patients.

101 patients with alcoholic encephalopathy, aged from 30 to 60 years, were enrolled in the study. Patients were divided into three groups: 34 patients in the treatment group received neiromidin in a dose of 15 mg in solution during 10 days and then in tabs in a dose of 20 mg three times a day during 2 months; 32 patients in the treatment group received vasoactive, antioxidant treatment and metadoxil in a dose of 500 mg three times a day during 2 months. The comparison group included 35 patients receiving only vasoactive and antioxidant treatment. To the end of treatment, the positive changes in the state of patients reflected in the decrease in the number of complaints and neurological symptoms were seen in the treatment groups.

In the initial period of serving punishment in the colony, the system of family relations does not affect the occurrence of «Disorders of adaptive reactions» observed in 96 % of prisoners. However, in family relations women focused on child-parent relationships and men are more focused on the marriage relationship.

Post-transfusion hemolytic complications (РНС) remain аn urgent рrоblem in medical practice despite the improvement of selecting methods of compatible blood transfusion for patients. The numbеr of РНС remains still high (1 in 6 000 - 29 000 transfusions). Aim: to analyze cases of РНС registered in health care facilities (HCF) in the Republic of Tajikistan. Method of investigation. Retrospective analysis of materials of national аnd regional committees оп investigation of РНС cases, histories fro hospital archives. During the period 1989-2014 in health facilities were registered 86 cases of РНС approximately 850 000 doses of red bооd cell transfusions containing blооd components, or 1 in 9418 doses of red blood cell-containing blood components. РНС reasons were: incompatibility of АВО blооd group system - 32 (37,3 %), antigen D of blооd group Rhesus factor system - 34 (39,53 %), according to minor blood group antigens of Rhesus factor and Kell blood group system (С, с, Е, е, К) - 16 (18,6 %). In 4 cases (4,6 %) the cases of РНС were hemolytic transfusions of erythrocyte-containing bags as а result of improper storage in domestic refrigeration without control of temperature storage. Causes of development 78 out of 86 РНС (90,69 %) were HCF doctors' mistakes, 8 (9,31 %) - mistakes of health personnel of health facilities departments of blood transfusion аnd regional blооd centers. Reducing the frequency of PHC is impossible without training physicians оn transfusion medicine, introduction of modern methods of phenotyping erythrocyte antigens of recipients and donors оn major transfusion significant blood group antigens the АВО system by direct and cross-over methods, Rhesus (С, с, Е, е), Kell (К) of patients requiring multiple transfusions, as well as to girls and women of childbearing age.

This work is dedicated to the study of psychological characteristics and attitude to health among patients with arterial hypertension. We hypothesized that it was important to study the picture of health not only for healthy individuals, but also for people with chronic somatic diseases for whom category «health» may be of particular significance. It was also important to study correlation between attitude to health and compliance to treatment.