The paper presents the characteristics of primary disease incidence, prevalence and mortality from prostate cancer among men's population of St. Petersburg (normal and age-standardized rates); analyzed their dynamics for 20 years; shows the calculated trend of these indicators up to 2020.

The frequency of malleolar fractures according to available literature data is about 40% of bone fractures, the majority of them are severe articular or compound fractures. The article covers the experience, accumulated by the generations of orthopedists concerning diagnostics, choice of efficient treatment, decrease of disability and improvement of patients' living standards.

The greatest difficulties arise in the treatment of patients with complete loss of teeth on the lower jaw. One of the rational methods of prosthetics of the lower edentulous jaw in patients is the use of implants to support a removable denture. However, using even a small number (2 - 4) of the implants, as recommended by many clinicians, is negatively perceived by patients of elderly and senile age, because of the invasiveness and cost, which leads to a failure of implantation and use of traditional methods of prosthetics. Therefore, reducing the invasiveness of the intervention on the lower edentulous jaw and the use of a single implant is relevant in a complex clinical picture in this category of patients.

Toxicodermia belongs to the widespread and serious types of adverse reactions to medicines, affects doctors of all specialties and medical institutions of any profile. The risk of development of a toxicodermia for the majority of medicinal preparations makes 20% of all medicinal complications.

There is the retrospective analysis of cicatrical laryngeal stenosis causes in the patients who were treated in the ENT Department First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg from 1992 to 2003 and from 2003 to 2013.

Since the widespread introduction of minimally invasive laparoscopic techniques in abdominal surgery there was a question - what are their physiological differences from operations withapproach by laparotomy. The study of these differences, mechanisms and their correction allows you to bring the results of operations with open approach to the laparoscopic. However, the possibility of an effective systemic exposure, allowing adapting body reaction to surgical procedures remains unresolved. To date, the use of melatonin in surgical practice is based on its functions as a neurotransmitter that can potentiate some natural protective reaction of the body. The paper analyzes the effects of melatonin, you can use as a biological adaptogenic control which generally acts as a trigger to launch a diver-seprocesses, including reparative ones in the body. The use of adaptive mechanisms initiated by melatonin in response to surgical trauma and tumor processes can be successfully applied to improve the results of surgical treatment of patients with surgical diseases operated as open and laparoscopic access.

Preparation of this publication was motivated by a desire to present contemporary authors look at one of the most important branches of critical care medicine - transfusion therapy and related complications, such as transfusion-related lung injury (TRALI). The article describes the causes, pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy of TRALI patients in critical condition. In this article attention is paid to the diagnosis of TRALI, associated with transfusion of blood components, modern diagnosis criteria. The authors describe the clinical symptoms, treatment schema and propose prevention protocol of TRALI. In order to determine the incidence of TRALI in medical practice transfusion therapy data in 1900 patients was analyzed. The development of this complication was found in 12 patients, 5 patients had «possible TRALI», which is comparable with the literature data. In 5 patients and 11 donors at a laboratory study anti-leukocyte antibodies were found. The important role of prevention, based on the immune mechanisms of the pathogenesis of TRALI is marked.

The paper analyzes the results of treatment of 216 patients with intussusception in 2000-2015. Analyze the results indicated that the correct choice of medical treatment, conservative treatment might be the main method of treatment in the most cases.

This article discusses issues related to the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical, prevention and treatment of hemorrhoids in pregnant and postpartum women. The evaluation of the need for and effectiveness of preventive treatment of exacerbations of hemorrhoids during pregnancy and the early postpartum period, pre-development of optimal efficiency and safety of treatments for hemorrhoids exacerbations during pregnancy. Applications submitted treatments and prevention can significantly reduce the risk of acute hemorrhoids and reduce terms of relief of symptoms in pregnant and postpartum women.

On the ground of longstanding research (1986-2012) of mental and somatic health of service personnel and draft age personnel, belonging to different age groups, three variants of psychosomatic relations formation were determined in the examined people: dysontogenetic, psychoorganic and disadaptive. Each option defined both particular way of psychosomatic status development and similar range of psychosomatic disorders.

Patients with locally advanced (T2-4N0-3M0) breast cancer, receiving neoadjuvant systemic treatment with the following application of surgical treatment stage (radical mastectomy or conservative surgery) were selected from the data base. The data of the first cancer register in the Russian Federation, disposing the data base for more than 5000 patients with breast cancer were analyzed in this work. Consistent with the primary goal of the work the information about 286 patients with locally advanced breast cancer (clinical stages IIB-IIB), receiving neoadjuvant systemic treatment with the following application of surgical treatment stage (radical mastectomy or conservative surgery), was obtained from the date base. The follow up period is from 2 to 10 years. The estimation of application efficiency of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, hormonal treatment and target therapy was done. The basic clinical, pathomorphological and biological factors (HER2, ER, PR, degree of malignancy), decisive for planning of relevant neoadjuvant treatment, enabling to customize medical disposal for a patient and contributing to the increase of comprehensive treatment, rising of general and relapse free survival of patients with locally advanced breast cancer, who underwent breast-conserving surgeries.

Dynamics of mental state in patients with the first-episode psychosis during the course of therapy with typical (haloperidol and clopixol) and atypical (olanzapine and aripiprazole) antipsychotics was studied. The differences in the impact on the negative disorders and spectrum of side effect were found.

Objective: to analyze the frequency of radiation damage in patients with prostate cancer who underwent combined hormonal and radiationtreatment after closing cystostomy. Materials and methods: in the study included 79 patients with prostate cancer with cystostomy that had been diagnosed concerningacute or chronic retention of urine. All patients were divided into two groups: I group was consisted of 47 patients with cystostomy that was closed before starting radiation therapy; II group was consisted of 32 patients who underwent radiation therapy without closure cystostomy. Results: the cystostomy closure significantly reduced the development risk of cystitis, rectitis and microcystis after radiotherapy (p<0.05). The risk of cystitis in patients, who received radiation therapy without closure of cystostomy increased in 11.7 times (95% CI 1.5-89.4). The risk of rectitis and microcystis in this group increased in 7.3 times (95% CI 0.959.9). Conclusions: the cystostomy closure significantly reduced the risk of radiation complications and may prevent poor outcomes.

We analyzed 60 patients aged from 30 up to 75 years with any of low-lumbar herniated intervertebral disks. Pain intensity was compared with the concomitant presence of chronic circulatory failure in the vertebral-basilar basin as a result of clinically significant abnormalities of blood vessels in the form of hypoplasia of vertebral artery and its tortuosity. We investigated dynamics of patient's pain under the influence of low-dose treatment by Cortexin (neurocytoprotector). In patients with chronic brainstem ischemia the herniated discs cause more intense and prolonged pain (radicular and local). More effective in these patients is a treatment with inclusion of Cortexin 20 mg intramuscularly within 10 days.

The spectrum of malocclusions in orthodontic patients with a horizontal growth pattern was under study. It was found, that in most cases horizontal type of facial growth was combined with malocclusion class II, which was caused by mandibular mycrognathia. Patients with horizontal growth pattern had mandibular protraction much more often, than patients of the control group. It was found that horizontal grows pattern was frequently accompanied by decreased value of an intermandibularangle, anterior position of mandible and maxilla, prominent chin, increased size of a mandibular ramus and decreased mandibular angle value.

Traditional biological and mechanical valve substitutes have some well-known limitation, such as rapid deterioration of the tissue ones in young patient and the high risk of thrombosis and anticoagulation therapy complications for the mechanical ones. At the same time the aortic and pulmonary valves can already be replaced with decellularized allografts that showed promising results in terms of both hemodynamics and reliability while anticoagulation for them is not needed. This paper describes the first orthotropic implantation of the decellularized mitral valve allograft in sheep model. The original method without stabilizing ring is described, which have shown good echocardiographic results.

The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) and chemotherapy (CT) of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in first remission (CR1), to identify factors influencing the results. We compare the efficacy alloHSCT in CR1 (n = 70) and CT (n = 52). Patients were stratified by age, the level of leucocytes, the origin of AML, cytogenetic risk group and response to induction CT. Five-years overall and disease-free survival (OS and DFS) were higher in the group alloHSCT (67 and 65 % vs 46 and 30 % (p = 0.02 and p = 0.001)). Benefits of DFS after alloHSCT was in standard and high-risk cytogenetic groups (78 % versus 29 % (p = 0.001), and 34 % vs 17 % (p = 0.007)). The risk of relapse (RR) was 24 % in patients after alloHSCT vs. 57 % for CT (p = 0.003). Comparing the RR after alloHSCT and CT depending on the cytogenetic risk groups: standard (HR0.2(CI95 %0.07 - 0.56) p = 0.002), and high (HR0.27(CI95 %0.08-0.86) p = 0.03). Additional factors affect the RR were the origin of AML (de novo) (HR0.47 (CI95 %0.3-0.74) p = 0.001), the hyperleukocytosis (HR1.91 (CI95 %1.09 - 3.32) p = 0.02), and no remission after the first course CT (HR3.32(CI95 %1.57-7.0) p = 0.002). The efficacy of alloHSCT compared with CT is higher both in standard and high-risk cytogenetic group.