Obstructive apnea syndrome as a risk factor for the development of postoperative complications in obese patients

Introduction. Early detection of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) using preoperative screening is necessary to reduce risks in the perioperative period.

The objective was to assess the effect of OSAS on the perioperative management of patients.

Methods and materials. 54 patients with a BMI of more than 30 kg/m² were examined, for whom a bariatric operation was performed as planned. Before the operation, all patients underwent respiratory polygraph with the calculation of the apnea/ hypopnea index (AHI), mean saturation (SpO₂ m) during sleep and spirometry.

Results. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to AHI: gr. 1 (n=33) with AHI<15/hour, OSAS, gr. 2 (n=21) with a AHI ≥15/hour. In gr. 2 VC and FVC should be significantly lower than in gr. 1 (p<0.01). A significant decrease in SpO₂ m was noted (p<0.001). On the first day after the operation, there was an increase in pCO2 of arterial blood in gr. 2, in comparison with gr. 1 (p<0.05).

Conclusions. OSAS can be considered as an independent adverse risk factor for potential perioperative complications. Early detection of OSAS will reduce the risks of postoperative complications.

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