Cancer incidence in patients with predialysis chronic kidney disease in Saint Petersburg

Introduction. Patients with malignant neoplasms (MN) and concurrent chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3–5 (predialysis) represent a separate, clinically complex group. Diagnostics and specialized anticancer treatment in these patients are associated with significant challenges. Currently, there is a lack of data in Russian literature on the frequency and structure of solid MN incidence in patients with predialysis CKD.

The objective was to assess the detection frequency and risk of developing solid oncopathology in individuals with CKD stages 3–5 using the example of the St. Petersburg population.

Methods and materials. A retrospective population-based study was conducted. A cohort of patients with predialysis CKD stages 3–5 (n=3,046) was formed based on the St. Petersburg nephrological registry as of 31.12.2018. Data on cancer incidence (new cases of solid MN in 2019, n=20,028) were obtained from the St. Petersburg Medical Information and Analytical Centre. In 2019, the population of St. Petersburg was 5,328,890 people. Patients with both diagnoses were identified by cross-matching the databases. The odds ratio (OR) was calculated using SPSS Statistics 22 to assess the risk.

Results. Among 20,028 patients with newly diagnosed solid MN in 2019, 20 (0.1 %) had predialysis CKD stages 3–5. The most common tumors were those of the gastrointestinal tract and urinary system: colon cancer (15 %), prostate cancer (20 %), stomach cancer (10 %), and pancreatic cancer (10 %). The overall risk of developing solid oncopathology in patients with CKD stages 3–5 was statistically significantly higher than in the general population: OR = 1.759.

Conclusions. The risk of developing solid malignant neoplasms is significantly increased in patients with predialysis stages of CKD. The highest risk indicators were noted for tumors of abdominal localization.

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