ПАТОГЕНЕЗ, ОСОБЕННОСТИ КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ КАРТИНЫ И ЛАБОРАТОРНОЙ ДИАГНОСТИКИ ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ ВОСПАЛИТЕЛЬНОЙ ДЕМИЕЛИНИЗИРУЮЩЕЙ ПОЛИНЕЙРОПАТИИ

Хроническая воспалительная демиелинизирующая полинейропатия (ХВДП) – это приобретенное прогрессирующее или рецидивирующе-ремиттирующее, иммуно-опосредованное заболевание периферической нервной системы. Клиническая картина заболевания включает в себя как классический вариант, проявляющийся в появлении симметричных нарушений как двигательных, так и чувствительных нервов, так и атипичные формы. Диагноз ХВДП ставится на основании клинической картины и данных электрофизиологического исследования. Специфических биомаркеров данного заболевания не существует. Дополнительными методами для подтверждения диагноза являются данные анализа спинномозговой жидкости, магнитно-резонансной томографии (МРТ) нервных стволов и биопсии нерва. Несмотря на наличие международных критериев установления диагноза ХВДП, а также обилие инструментальных и лабораторных методов исследования, постановка правильного диагноза представляет значительные трудности. В данном обзоре рассмотрены современные представления о патогенезе, клинической диагностике, а также методах исследования, применяющихся для дифференциальной диагностики и подтверждения диагноза ХВДП, и новые направления исследования в данной области.

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