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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">uzspbgmu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Учёные записки Первого Санкт-Петербургского государственного медицинского университета имени академика И. П. Павлова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Scientific Notes of the Pavlov University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1607-4181</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24884/1607-4181-2022-29-3-91-100</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">uzspbgmu-913</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ РАБОТЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Молекулярные механизмы развития фибрилляции предсердий у пациентов с сахарным диабетом 2 типа: прогностическая роль биомаркеров фиброза и воспаления</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Molecular mechanisms of the development of atrial fibrillation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: prognostic role of biomarkers of fibrosis and inflammation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7293-1144</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ионин</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ionin</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры терапии факультетской с курсом эндокринологии, кардиологии с клиникой им. акад. Г. Ф. Ланга, старший научный сотрудник,</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher, Associate Professor of the Department of Faculty Therapy with the Course of Endocrinology, Cardiology and Functional Diagnostics with Clinic named after acad. G. F. Lang, Senior Research Fellow, </p><p>6-8, L’va Tolstogo str., Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ionin.v.a@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7888-4374</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Барашкова</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Barashkova</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>клинический ординатор кафедры терапии факультетской с курсом эндокринологии, кардиологии и  функциональной диагностики с клиникой им. акад. Г. Ф. Ланга,</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Clinic Resident, of the Department of Faculty Therapy with the Course of Endocrinology, Cardiology and Functional  Diagnostics with Clinic named after acad. G. F. Lang,</p><p>6-8, L’va Tolstogo str., Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lisafya22@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6082-0751</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ананьин</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ananev</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент VI курса Лечебного факультета, </p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6th year Student of the Faculty of Medicine, </p><p>6-8, L’va Tolstogo str., Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andreyananin98@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8479-0331</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлова</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlova</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>клинический ординатор кафедры терапии факультетской с курсом эндокринологии, кардиологии и функциональной диагностики с клиникой им. акад. Г. Ф. Ланга, </p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Clinic Resident of the Department of Faculty Therapy with the Course of Endocrinology, Cardiology and Functional Diagnostics with Clinic named after acad. G. F. Lang, </p><p>6-8, L’va Tolstogo str., Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ilingina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1209-7765</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заславская</surname><given-names>Е. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaslavskaya</surname><given-names>E. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры терапии факультетской с курсом эндокринологии, кардиологии и функциональной диагностики с клиникой им. акад. Г. Ф. Ланга,</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Assistant of the Department of Faculty Therapy with the Course of Endocrinology, Cardiology and Functional Diagnostics with Clinic named after acad. G. F. Lang,</p><p>6-8, L’va Tolstogo str., Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">memlikster@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8788-0076</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баранова</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baranova</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры терапии факультетской с курсом эндокринологии, кардиологии и функциональной диагностики с клиникой им. акад. Г. Ф. Ланга, </p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Faculty Therapy with the Course of Endocrinology, Cardiology and Functional Diagnostics with Clinic named after acad. G. F. Lang,</p><p>6-8, L’va Tolstogo str., Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">baranova.grant2015@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И. П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>91</fpage><lpage>100</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ионин В.А., Барашкова Е.И., Ананьин А.М., Павлова В.А., Заславская Е.Л., Баранова Е.И., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ионин В.А., Барашкова Е.И., Ананьин А.М., Павлова В.А., Заславская Е.Л., Баранова Е.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ionin V.A., Barashkova E.I., Ananev A.M., Pavlova V.A., Zaslavskaya E.L., Baranova E.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sci-notes.ru/jour/article/view/913">https://www.sci-notes.ru/jour/article/view/913</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Определить концентрации биомаркеров фиброза и воспаления в крови, параметры, характеризующие ремоделирование сердца, у больных с фибрилляцией предсердий (ФП) в сочетании с сахарным диабетом (СД) 2 типа.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы и материалы</title><p>Методы и материалы. В исследование были включены 231 обследованных в возрасте от 35 до 65 лет: пациенты с СД (n=99), из которых 49 больных с ФП; группы сравнения составили пациенты с ФП без СД 2 типа (n=54) и здоровые обследованные (n=78).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлено, что концентрация профиброгенных биомаркеров, циркулирующих в крови у больных с ФП и СД 2 типа выше, чем у пациентов с ФП без СД 2 типа: галектин-3 (13,4 (9,1–16,9) и 6,8 (4,6–12,8) нг/мл, р&lt;0,001), TGF-beta1 (3032,5 (2468,5–4283,5) и 2339,7 (1813,3–3368,8) пг/мл, р=0,01), GDF-15 (2359,3 (1234,3–3465,1) и 1256,7 (889,9–2083,7) пг/мл, р&gt;&lt;0,001), PINP (3625,4 (2462,1–4463,7) и 2451,3 (1842,0–2941,0) пг/мл, р&gt;&lt;0,001) и PIIINP (92,8 (68,6–122,4) и 67,6 (47,9–93,3) нг/мл, р&gt;&lt;0,001). Концентрации провоспалительных цитокинов, С-реактивный белок (3,5 (2,2–4,4) и 2,7 (1,4–7,1) мг/л, р=0,01) и СТ-1 (1032,1 (667,6–1495,3) и 549,1 (411,9–960,1) пг/мл, р&gt;&lt;0,001) у больных с ФП и СД 2 типа выше, чем у пациентов с СД 2 типа без ФП. Уровни ФНО-альфа, ИЛ-6 у пациентов с ФП и СД 2 типа сопоставимы с концентрациями данных биомаркеров воспаления у больных с СД 2 типа без ФП. По результатам эхокардиографии выявлено, что толщина эпикардиальной жировой ткани у пациентов с ФП и СД 2 типа больше, чем у больных с ФП без СД 2 типа, и больше, чем у пациентов с СД 2 типа без ФП ((7,1±0,4), (4,5±0,3) и (5,1±0,3) соответственно, р&gt;&lt;0,001). Установлена сильная положительная связь GDF-15 c HbA1c по данным корреляционного анализа (r=0,617, p&gt;&lt;0,0001) и по результату регрессионного анализа (β=0,586, р&gt;&lt;0,0001). По данным биномиальной логистической регрессии установлено, что СД 2 типа в обследуемой когорте увеличивал риск ФП в 2,2 раза (ОШ=2,2, 95 % ДИ 1,41–3,31, р=0,00004). Заключение. Полученные новые данные об увеличении концентрации профиброгенных факторов у пациентов с ФП в сочетании с СД 2 типа свидетельствуют о важной роли процесса формирования фиброза миокарда в развитии данной аритмии у этих больных. Ключевые слова: биомаркеры, фиброз, воспаление, фибрилляция предсердий, сахарный диабет&gt;˂ 0,001), TGF-beta1 (3032,5 (2468,5–4283,5) и 2339,7 (1813,3–3368,8) пг/мл, р=0,01), GDF-15 (2359,3 (1234,3–3465,1) и 1256,7 (889,9–2083,7) пг/мл, р˂ 0,001), PINP (3625,4 (2462,1–4463,7) и 2451,3 (1842,0–2941,0) пг/мл, р˂ 0,001) и PIIINP (92,8 (68,6–122,4) и 67,6 (47,9–93,3) нг/мл, р˂ 0,001). Концентрации провоспалительных цитокинов, С-реактивный белок (3,5 (2,2–4,4) и 2,7 (1,4–7,1) мг/л, р=0,01) и СТ-1 (1032,1 (667,6–1495,3) и 549,1 (411,9–960,1) пг/мл, р˂ 0,001) у больных с ФП и СД 2 типа выше, чем у пациентов с СД 2 типа без ФП. Уровни ФНО-альфа, ИЛ-6 у пациентов с ФП и СД 2 типа сопоставимы с концентрациями данных биомаркеров воспаления у больных с СД 2 типа без ФП. По результатам эхокардиографии выявлено, что толщина эпикардиальной жировой ткани у пациентов с ФП и СД 2 типа больше, чем у больных с ФП без СД 2 типа, и больше, чем у пациентов с СД 2 типа без ФП ((7,1±0,4), (4,5±0,3) и (5,1±0,3) соответственно, р˂ 0,001). Установлена сильная положительная связь GDF-15 с HbA1c по данным корреляционного анализа (r=0,617, p˂ 0,0001) и по результату регрессионного анализа (β=0,586, р&lt;0,0001). По данным биномиальной логистической регрессии установлено, что СД 2 типа в обследуемой когорте увеличивал риск ФП в 2,2 раза (ОШ=2,2, 95 % ДИ 1,41–3,31, р=0,00004). Заключение. Полученные новые данные об увеличении концентрации профиброгенных факторов у пациентов с ФП в сочетании с СД 2 типа свидетельствуют о важной роли процесса формирования фиброза миокарда в развитии данной аритмии у этих больных. Ключевые слова: биомаркеры, фиброз, воспаление, фибрилляция предсердий, сахарный диабет&gt;˂ 0,0001). По данным биномиальной логистической регрессии установлено, что СД 2 типа в обследуемой когорте увеличивал риск ФП в 2,2 раза (ОШ=2,2, 95 % ДИ 1,41–3,31, р=0,00004).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные новые данные об увеличении концентрации профиброгенных факторов у пациентов с ФП в сочетании с СД 2 типа свидетельствуют о важной роли процесса формирования фиброза миокарда в развитии данной аритмии у этих больных. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The objective was to determine the concentrations of biomarkers of fibrosis and inflammation in the blood, parameters characterizing heart remodeling in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) in combination with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</p><sec><title>Methods and materials</title><p>Methods and materials. The study included 231 examined patients aged 35 to 65 years: patients with DM (n=99), of which 49 patients with AF, and the comparison group consisted of patients with AF without T2DM (n=54) and healthy examined patients (n=78).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. It was found that the concentration of profibrogenic biomarkers circulating in the blood of patients with AF and T2DM is higher than in patients with AF without T2DM: galectin-3 (13.4 (9.1–16.9) and 6.8 (4.6–12.8) ng/ml, p&lt;0.001), TGF-beta1 (3032.5 (2468.5–4283.5) and 2339.7 (1813.3–3368.8) pg/ml, p=0.01), GDF-15 (2359.3 (1234.3–3465.1) and 1256.7 (889.9–2083.7) pg/ml, p&gt;&lt;0.001), PINP (3625.4 (2462.1–4463.7) and 2451.3 (1842.0–2941.0) pg/ml, p&gt;&lt;0.001) and PIIINP (92.8 (68.6–122.4) and 67.6 (47.9–93.3) ng/ml, p&gt;&lt;0.001). Concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines CRP (3.5 (2.2–4.4) and 2.7 (1.4–7.1) mg/l, p=0.01) and CT-1 (1032.1 (667.6–1495.3) and 549.1 (411.9–960.1) pg/ml, p&gt;&lt;0.001) in patients with AF and T2DM is higher than in patients with T2DM without AF. The levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6 in patients with AF and T2DM are comparable to the concentrations of these biomarkers of inflammation in patients with T2DM without AF. According to the results of echocardiography, it was revealed that the thickness of the epicardial adipose tissue in patients with AF and T2DM is greater than in patients with AF without T2DM and greater than in patients with T2DM without AF (7.1±0.4, 4.5±0.3 and 5.1±0.3, respectively, p&gt;&lt;0.001). A strong positive correlation between GDF-15 and HbA1c was established according to the correlation analysis (r=0.617, p&gt;&lt;0.0001) and regression analysis (β=0.586, p&gt;&lt;0.0001). According to binomial logistic regression, it was found that T2DM in the examined cohort increased the risk of AF by 2.2 times (OR=2.2, 95 %CI 1.41–3.31, p=0.00004). Conclusion. The obtained new data on the increase in the concentration of profibrogenic factors in patients with AF in combination with T2DM indicate an important role of the formation of myocardial fibrosis in the development of this arrhythmia in these patients. Keywords: biomarkers, fibrosis, inflammation, atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus&gt;˂0.001), TGF-beta1 (3032.5 (2468.5–4283.5) and 2339.7 (1813.3–3368.8) pg/ml, p=0.01), GDF-15 (2359.3 (1234.3–3465.1) and 1256.7 (889.9–2083.7) pg/ml, p˂0.001), PINP (3625.4 (2462.1–4463.7) and 2451.3 (1842.0–2941.0) pg/ml, p˂0.001) and PIIINP (92.8 (68.6–122.4) and 67.6 (47.9–93.3) ng/ml, p˂0.001). Concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines CRP (3.5 (2.2–4.4) and 2.7 (1.4–7.1) mg/l, p=0.01) and CT-1 (1032.1 (667.6–1495.3) and 549.1 (411.9–960.1) pg/ml, p˂0.001) in patients with AF and T2DM is higher than in patients with T2DM without AF. The levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6 in patients with AF and T2DM are comparable to the concentrations of these biomarkers of inflammation in patients with T2DM without AF. According to the results of echocardiography, it was revealed that the thickness of the epicardial adipose tissue in patients with AF and T2DM is greater than in patients with AF without T2DM and greater than in patients with T2DM without AF (7.1±0.4, 4.5±0.3 and 5.1±0.3, respectively, p˂0.001). A strong positive correlation between GDF-15 and HbA1c was established according to the correlation analysis (r=0.617, p˂0.0001) and regression analysis (β=0.586, p˂0.0001). According to binomial logistic regression, it was found that T2DM in the examined cohort increased the risk of AF by 2.2 times (OR=2.2, 95 %CI 1.41–3.31, p=0.00004).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The obtained new data on the increase in the concentration of profibrogenic factors in patients with AF in combination with T2DM indicate an important role of the formation of myocardial fibrosis in the development of this arrhythmia in these patients. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биомаркеры</kwd><kwd>фиброз</kwd><kwd>воспаление</kwd><kwd>фибрилляция предсердий</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>biomarkers</kwd><kwd>fibrosis</kwd><kwd>inflammation</kwd><kwd>atrial fibrillation</kwd><kwd>diabetes mellitus</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hindricks G., Potpara T., Dagres N. et al. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) // Eur. 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