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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">uzspbgmu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Учёные записки Первого Санкт-Петербургского государственного медицинского университета имени академика И. П. Павлова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Scientific Notes of the Pavlov University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1607-4181</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24884/1607-4181-2022-29-2-58-67</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">uzspbgmu-877</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ РАБОТЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Причины отказа от назначения антикоагулянтов в стационаре больным с фибрилляцией предсердий и высоким риском инсульта: какой должна быть оптимальная тактика ведения этих пациентов?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Reasons for not prescribing anticoagulants in hospitalized patients with atrial fibrillation and high risk of stroke: what should be the optimal management tactics for these patients?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8788-0076</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баранова</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baranova</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Баранова Елена Ивановна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры терапии факультетской с курсом эндокринологии, кардиологии и функциональной диагностики с клиникой</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Baranova Elena I., Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Faculty Therapy with a Course of Endocrinology, Cardiology and Functional Diagnostics with Clinic </p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ionin.v.a@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1017-4966</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Близнюк</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bliznyuk</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Близнюк Ольга Игоревна, клинический ординатор кафедры терапии факультетской с курсом эндокринологии, кардиологии и функциональной ди агностики с клиникой </p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bliznyuk Olga I., Clinical Resident of the Department of Faculty Therapy with a Course of Endocrinology, Cardiology and Functional Diagnostics with Clinic </p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ionin.v.a@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8479-0331</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлова</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlova</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павлова Виктория Александровна, клинический ординатор кафедры терапии факультетской с курсом эндокринологии, кардиологии и функциональной диагностики с клиникой </p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavlova Viktoriia A., Clinical Resident of the Department of Faculty Therapy with a Course of Endocrinology, Cardiology and Functional Diagnostics with Clinic </p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ionin.v.a@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1541-9248</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скуридин</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skuridin</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Скуридин Даниил Сергеевич, ассистент кафедры терапии факультетской с курсом эндокринологии, кардиологии и функциональной диагностики с клиникой им. Г. Ф. Ланга </p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Skuridin Daniil S., Assistant of the Department of Faculty Therapy with a Course of Endocrinology, Cardiology and Functional Diagnostics with Clinic </p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ionin.v.a@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0668-2490</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колесник</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolesnik</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Колесник Ольга Степановна, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры терапии факультетской с курсом эндокринологии, кардиологии и функциональной диагностики с клиникой </p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kolesnik Olga S., Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Faculty Therapy with a Course of Endocrinology, Cardiology and Functional Diagnostics with Clinic </p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ionin.v.a@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2698-7977</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кацап</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Katsap</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кацап Анна Александровна, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры терапии факультетской с курсом эндокринологии, кардиологии и функциональной диагностики с клиникой </p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Katsap Anna A., Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Faculty Therapy with a Course of Endocrinology, Cardiology and Functional Diagnostics with Clinic </p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ionin.v.a@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И. П. Павлова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>58</fpage><lpage>67</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Баранова Е.И., Близнюк О.И., Павлова В.А., Скуридин Д.С., Колесник О.С., Кацап А.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Баранова Е.И., Близнюк О.И., Павлова В.А., Скуридин Д.С., Колесник О.С., Кацап А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Baranova E.I., Bliznyuk O.I., Pavlova V.A., Skuridin D.S., Kolesnik O.S., Katsap A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sci-notes.ru/jour/article/view/877">https://www.sci-notes.ru/jour/article/view/877</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель – определить причины отказов от назначения антикоагулянтной терапии (АКТ) в терапевтическом стационаре больным с фибрилляцией предсердий (ФП) и высоким риском инсульта и обсудить оптимальную тактику антитромботической терапии.</p><sec><title>Методы и материалы</title><p>Методы и материалы. Ретроспективный анализ 1307 историй болезней пациентов с ФП, госпитализированных в университетскую терапевтическую клинику в 2014–2018 гг. Изучены причины отказов от назначения АКТ у больных с высоким риском инсульта и приведена оптимальная антитромботическая терапия.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Антикоагулянты не были назначены 109 (9,7 %) госпитализированным пациентам из 1128 больных с ФП без механических протезов клапанов и митрального стеноза с высоким риском инсульта ((4,5±1,1) балла по</p></sec><sec><title>шкале CHA2DS2VASc)</title><p>шкале CHA2DS2VASc). Риск кровотечений – (1,6±0,1) балла (шкала HAS-BLED), возраст пациентов – (73,8±10,4) года. С 2014 по 2018 г. частота отказов от назначения АКТ при наличии показаний снизилась в 3,7 раза – с 47/205 (22,9 %) в 2014 г. до 11/178 (6,2 %) в 2018 г. (р=0,001). В целом за пять лет наблюдений субъективными причинами отказа</p><p>от назначения АКТ служили отсутствие оценки риска инсульта (78,0 %), старческий возраст и наличие деменции (42,2 %), первый пароксизм ФП (22,9 %), в том числе на фоне инфаркта миокарда и операции на сердце, планируемое хирургическое лечение, эффективная радиочастотная абляция и отказ больного. Объективные (чаще временные) причины отказов от АКТ: тяжелая и средней тяжести анемия в сочетании с другими причинами (24,8 %), недавнее кровотечение (11,9 %), заболевания желудочно-кишечного тракта (ЖКТ), предрасполагающие к кровотечениям (9,2 %), онкопатология (12,8 %), терминальная стадия хронической болезни почек (2,8 %) и значимая тромбоцитопения (2,8 %). Нередко различные причины отказов от АКТ сочетались.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. У пациентов с ФП и высоким риском инсульта частота отказов от назначения АКТ снизилась с 2014 по 2018 г. в 3,7 раза. В 2014 г. самые частые причины отказов от АКТ – отсутствие оценки риска инсульта и старческий возраст, а в 2017–2018 гг. – старческий возраст, первый пароксизм ФП, эффективная радиочастотная абляция, анемия, недавнее кровотечение и наличие патологии ЖКТ, предрасполагающей к кровотечению.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The objective of our study was to determine the reasons for not prescribing anticoagulant therapy (ACT) in the therapeutic department of university clinic for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and a high risk of stroke and to discuss the optimal management of these patients.</p><sec><title>Methods and materials</title><p>Methods and materials. A retrospective analysis of 1307 case histories of AF patients admitted to a university therapeutic clinic from 2014 to 2018 presented. The reasons for not prescribing ACT to patients with AF and high risk of stroke and optimal ACT discussed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. ACT was not prescribed to 109 (9.7 %) hospitalized patients out of 1128 patients with AF without prosthetic valves and mitral stenosis who had a high risk of stroke ((4.5±1.1) points on the CHA2DS2VASc scale). The risk of bleeding – (1.6±0.1) (HAS-BLED). The age of patients was (73.8±10.4) years. From 2014 to 2018, the frequency of unjustified non-prescribing ACT decreased by 3.7 times – from 47/205 (22.9 %) in 2014 to 11/178 (6.2 %) in 2018 (p=0.001). In general, over 5 years of observations, subjective reasons for not prescribing ACT were: lack of stroke risk assessment (78.0 %), senile age of patients and the presence of dementia (42.2 %), the first paroxysm of AF (22.9 %) during myocardial infarction and heart surgery, planned surgical treatment, effective radiofrequency ablation and patient refusal. Objective (usually transient) reasons for not prescribing ACT were: severe and moderate anemia (24.8 %), recent bleeding (11.9 %), gastrointestinal diseases predisposing to bleedings (9.2 %), oncology (12.8 %), end-stage chronic kidney disease (2.8 %), thrombocytopenia (2.8 %). Often various reasons for not prescribing ACT were combined.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. In patients with AF and a high risk of stroke, the incidence of not prescribing ACT decreased by 3.7 times from 2014 to 2018. In 2014, the most common reasons for not prescribing ACT were the lack of stroke risk assessment and the senile age of patients, and in 2017–2018 senile age, the first paroxysm of AF, effective radiofrequency ablation, anemia, recent bleeding, and gastrointestinal diseases predisposing to bleedings.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фибрилляция предсердий</kwd><kwd>риск инсульта</kwd><kwd>антикоагулянты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>atrial fibrillation</kwd><kwd>stroke risk</kwd><kwd>anticoagulants</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hindricks G., Potpara T., Dagres N. et al. ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery (EACTS) // Eur. Heart J. – 2020. – №42. – Р. 373–498. 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