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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">uzspbgmu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Учёные записки Первого Санкт-Петербургского государственного медицинского университета имени академика И. П. Павлова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Scientific Notes of the Pavlov University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1607-4181</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24884/1607-4181-2022-29-1-18-27</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">uzspbgmu-869</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ РАБОТЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нарушения ассоциативного обучения у крыс без дофаминового транспортера</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Associative learning impairments in rats lacking dopamine transporter</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савченко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savchenko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Савченко Артем Александрович - аспирант кафедры фармакологии.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artem A. Savchenko - Postgraduate Student of the Department of Pharmacology, Pavlov University.</p><p>Saint Petersburg.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">artjom1996@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9251-9923</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суханов</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sukhanov</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Суханов Илья Михайлович - доктор медицинских наук, заведующий лабораторией фармакологии поведения отдела психофармакологии Института фармакологии им. А.В. Вальдмана.</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya M. Sukhanov - Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Head of the Laboratory of Behavioral Pharmacology of the Department of Psychopharmacology of the Institute of Pharmacology named after A.V. Valdman, Pavlov University.</p><p>6-8, L'va Tolstogo str., Saint Petersburg, 197022.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ilia.sukhanov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Улитина</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ulitina</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Улитина Анна Сергеевна - кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории медицинской генетики отдела молекулярно-генетических и нанобиологических технологий.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna S. Ulitina - Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Senior Research Fellow at the Laboratory of Medical Genetics of the Department of Molecular, Genetic, and Nanobiological Technologies, Pavlov University.</p><p>Saint Petersburg.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anna.s.ulitina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7100-7857</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Драволина</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dravolina</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Драволина Ольга Андреевна - кандидат биологических наук, заведующая лабораторией экспериментальной фармакологии аддиктивных состояний отдела психофармакологии Института фармакологии им. А.В. Вальдмана.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga A. Dravolina - Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Head of the Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology of Addictive States of the Department of Psychopharmacology of the Institute of Pharmacology named after A.V. Valdman, Pavlov University.</p><p>Saint Petersburg.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olga.dravolina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8572-3600</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белозерцева</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belozertseva</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Белозерцева Ирина Владимировна - кандидат биологических наук, заведующая отделом психофармакологии Института фармакологии им. А.В. Вальдмана.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Belozertseva - Cand. of Sci. (Biol.), Head of the Department of Psychopharmacology of the Institute of Pharmacology named after A.V. Valdman, Pavlov University.</p><p>Saint Petersburg.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">belozertseva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Емельянов</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Emelianov</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Емельянов Антон Константинович - кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории медицинской генетики отдела молекулярно-генетических и нанобиологических технологий.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anton K. Emelianov - Cand. of Sci. (Biol.), Senior Research Fellow at the Laboratory of Medical Genetics of the Department of Molecular, Genetic, and Nanobiological Technologies, Pavlov University.</p><p>Saint Petersburg.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e_anton_gen@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3597-7482</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Звартау</surname><given-names>Э. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zvartau</surname><given-names>E. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Звартау Эдвин Эдуардович - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор Института фармакологии им. А.В. Вальдмана.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Edwin E. Zvartau - Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Director of the Institute of Pharmacology named after A.V. Valdman, Pavlov University.</p><p>Saint Petersburg.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zvartau@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>18</fpage><lpage>27</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Савченко А.А., Суханов И.М., Улитина А.С., Драволина О.А., Белозерцева И.В., Емельянов А.К., Звартау Э.Э., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Савченко А.А., Суханов И.М., Улитина А.С., Драволина О.А., Белозерцева И.В., Емельянов А.К., Звартау Э.Э.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Savchenko A.A., Sukhanov I.M., Ulitina A.S., Dravolina O.A., Belozertseva I.V., Emelianov A.K., Zvartau E.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sci-notes.ru/jour/article/view/869">https://www.sci-notes.ru/jour/article/view/869</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Изменения в экспрессии дофаминового транспортера (DAT) выявлены у пациентов с рядом нервнопсихических заболеваний, однако их значимость для патогенеза остается невыясненной. Нокаутные по гену DAT крысы — перспективная модель одного из вариантов дисфункций фронтостриарной системы, вовлеченной в адаптацию обучения к текущим потребностям, мотивации и опыту.</p><p>Цель — оценить влияние выключения гена DAT на взаимодействие процессов выработки классических и инструментальных рефлексов (ассоциативное обучение).</p></sec><sec><title>Методы и материалы</title><p>Методы и материалы. Использованы крысы из локальной колонии: нокауты (n=31), гетерозиготы (n=32) и «дикий тип» (n=24). Нокаут гена DAT (Slc6a3) выявляли методом полимеразной цепной реакции с последующим рестрикционным анализом. Крыс содержали индивидуально с ограниченным доступом к пище и неограниченным — к воде. В оперантных камерах, оборудованных интерфейсом MED-PC (MED Associates, США), выполнили три эксперимента: 1) классическое обусловливание; 2) автоформирование оперантной реакции; 3) обучение на основе вторичного подкрепления. Статистический анализ выполняли с помощью «SigmaPlot 12.5» (Systat Software Inc., США) и «SPSS Statistics 21» (IBM, США).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Выявлено, что выключение гена DAT у крыс не влияет на формирование условно-рефлекторных связей при классическом обусловливании (1), однако сопровождается нарушениями автоформирования оперантной реакции (2) и обучения на основе вторичного подкрепления (3).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Обнаруженные нарушения ассоциативного обучения могут быть связаны со снижением побудительной значимости стимулов в условиях гипердофаминергии.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Changes in the expression of the dopamine transporter (DAT) have been identified in patients with a number of neuropsychiatric disorders, but their significance for pathogenesis remains unclear. DAT knockout rats are a promising model of frontostriatal dysfunctions involved in adapting learning processes to current organism's needs, motivation, and experience.</p><p>The objective was to evaluate the effect of DAT disruption on the interaction of classical and instrumental conditioning processes (associative learning).</p></sec><sec><title>Methods and materials</title><p>Methods and materials. Rats from a local colony were used: knockouts (n=31), heterozygotes (n=32), and wild type rats (n=24). DAT knockout (Slc6a3) was detected by PCR followed by restriction analysis. The rats were kept individually with limited access to food and unlimited access to water. In the operant chambers equipped with a MED-PC interface (MED Associates, USA), 3 experiments were performed: 1) classical conditioning; 2) autoshaping of operant responding; 3) reward learning based on secondary reinforcement. Statistical analysis was performed using SigmaPlot 12.5 (Systat Software Inc., USA) and SPSS Statistics 21 (IBM, USA).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. We revealed that DAT disruption in rats did not affect the formation of conditioned reflex connections in classical conditioning (1) but was accompanied by impairments in the autoshaping of the operant response (2) and learning based on secondary reinforcement (3).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The observed impairments of associative learning might be associated with a decreased incentive value of stimuli in hyperdopaminergic state.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дофамин</kwd><kwd>дофаминовый транспортер (DAT)</kwd><kwd>ассоциативное обучение</kwd><kwd>крысы</kwd><kwd>нокаутные по гену DAT</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dopamine</kwd><kwd>DAT</kwd><kwd>associative learning</kwd><kwd>DAT-KO rats</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы благодарны директору Института трансляционной биомедицины СПбГУ (Санкт-Петербург) Р.Р. Гайнетдинову за любезно предоставленных DAT-KO-животных для создания колонии в ПСПбГМУ им. И.П. Павлова, а также сотрудникам отдела психофармакологии Института фармакологии А.М. Гавриловой, А.В. Иванову, С.В. Иванову, М.Г. Семиной, М.А. Тур, Ю.И. Шевчук за техническую помощь и уход за животными.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors are grateful to R.R. Gainetdinov (the director of the Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University) for the kindly provided DAT-KO animals for the start of colony in Pavlov University as well as to the staff of the Department of Psychopharmacology of the Institute of Pharmacology: A.M. Gavrilova, A.V. Ivanov, S.V. Ivanov, M.G. Semina, M.A. Tur, Yu.I. Shevchuk for technical assistance and animal care.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hegarty S. V., Sullivan A. M., O’Keeffe G. W. Midbrain dopaminergic neurons: A review of the molecular circuitry that regulates their development // Dev Biol. - 2013. -Vol. 379. - P 123-138. Doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.04.014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hegarty S. V., Sullivan A. M, O'Keeffe G. W. 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