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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">uzspbgmu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Учёные записки Первого Санкт-Петербургского государственного медицинского университета имени академика И. П. Павлова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Scientific Notes of the Pavlov University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1607-4181</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24884/1607-4181-2022-29-1-54-62</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">uzspbgmu-867</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ РАБОТЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Морфологические особенности осложненных гастродуоденальных язв</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Morphological features of complicated gastroduodenal ulcers</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9671-0394</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Османов</surname><given-names>З. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Osmanov</surname><given-names>Z. H.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Османов Зейнур Худдусович - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры хирургии общей с клиникой.</p><p>197022, Санкт- Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zeinur H. Osmanov - Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of General Surgery with Clinic, Pavlov University.</p><p>6-8, L'va Tolstogo str., Saint Petersburg, 197022.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zhosmanov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8404-1859</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыбакова</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rybakova</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рыбакова Маргарита Григорьевна - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой патологической анатомии с патологоанатомическим отделением.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Margarita G. Rybakova - Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Pathological Anatomy with Pathological Anatomical Department, Pavlov University.</p><p>Saint Petersburg.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rybakova@spb-gmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1985-0465</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тихонова</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tikhonova</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тихонова Юлиана Алексеевна - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры патологической анатомии с патологоанатомическим отделением.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuliana A. Tikhonova - Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Pathological Anatomy with Pathological Anatomical Department, Pavlov University.</p><p>Saint Petersburg.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jat1@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2845-1703</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенов</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenov</surname><given-names>D. Ju.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Семенов Дмитрий Юрьевич - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry Ju. Semenov - Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Chief Research Fellow, Saint-Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology.</p><p>Saint Petersburg.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">semenov_du@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-6908</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корольков</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korolkov</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Корольков Андрей Юрьевич - доктор медицинских наук, руководитель отдела общей и неотложной хирургии НИИ хирургии и неотложной медицины.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey Yu. Korolkov - Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of General and Emergency Surgery, Research Institute of Surgery and Emergency Medicine, Pavlov University.</p><p>Saint Petersburg.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">korolkov.a@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6955-1511</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мыльникова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mylnikova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мыльникова Анастасия Андреевна - студентка VI курса.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia A. Mylnikova - 6th year student, Pavlov University.</p><p>Saint Petersburg.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mylnikovaanasta@icloud.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт фтизиопульмонологии Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>54</fpage><lpage>62</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Османов З.Х., Рыбакова М.Г., Тихонова Ю.А., Семенов Д.Ю., Корольков А.Ю., Мыльникова А.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Османов З.Х., Рыбакова М.Г., Тихонова Ю.А., Семенов Д.Ю., Корольков А.Ю., Мыльникова А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Osmanov Z.H., Rybakova M.G., Tikhonova Y.A., Semenov D.J., Korolkov A.Y., Mylnikova A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sci-notes.ru/jour/article/view/867">https://www.sci-notes.ru/jour/article/view/867</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования — оценка структурных изменений в крае гастродуоденальных язв, осложненных перфорацией, кровотечением или пенетрацией, с точки зрения особенностей заживления язвенного дефекта.</p><sec><title>Методы и материалы</title><p>Методы и материалы. Проведены гистологическое и иммуногистологическое исследования 25 пациентов основной группы с перфоративными гастродуоденальными язвами и 23 контрольной группы с хроническими рецидивирующими язвами, осложненными кровотечением и пенетрацией. Гистологические срезы окрашивали гематоксилином и эозином, пикрофуксином по ван Гизону. Выполняли иммуногистохимические реакции с антителами к Ki-67, CD68, CD138, CD34.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. При макроскопической оценке был отмечен четкий ровный край перфоративного отверстия. При гистологическом исследовании на фоне острых дисциркуляторных изменений отчетливо выделяется зона некроза и слабо выраженный слой грануляционной ткани, в большинстве случаев практически отсутствовавший. Край перфоративной язвы состоит из минимально представленной, четко отграниченной зоны тканевого детрита и практически не измененного мышечного слоя. В клеточном инфильтрате доминировали плазмоциты, а индекс пролиферативной активности в эпителии краев язвы составил около 45 % и распределялся достаточно равномерно.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Перфоративную язву можно рассматривать как особую группу осложнений с наиболее выраженными изменениями в виде инфильтрации плазмоцитами и эозинофилами, отеком и острыми дисциркуляторными изменениями, равномерной и достаточно высокой пролиферативной активностью эпителия. Изменения в краях прободной язвы делают возможной полную регенерацию без чрезмерного рубцевания при прецизионном ушивании перфорации.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The objective of the study was to evaluate structural changes in the margin of gastroduodenal ulcers complicated by perforation, bleeding or penetration in terms of the features of ulcer healing.</p><sec><title>Methods and materials</title><p>Methods and materials. Histological and IHC studies were performed on 25 patients of the main group with perforated gastroduodenal ulcers and 23 patients of the control group with chronic recurrent ulcers complicated by bleeding and penetration. Histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and Van Gieson's picrofuchsin. Immunohistochemical reactions were performed with antibodies to Ki-67, CD68, CD138, and CD34.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. On macroscopic evaluation, a clear even margin of the perforation was noted. Histological examination with the background of acute dyscirculatory changes clearly shows a zone of necrosis and a weakly expressed layer of granulation tissue, which in majority of the cases was practically absent. The margin of a perforated ulcer consists of a minimally presented, clearly delimited zone of tissue detritus and a practically unchanged muscle layer. Plasma cells dominated in the cell infiltrate, and the index of proliferative activity in the epithelium of the ulcer margins was about 45 %, distributed fairly evenly.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Perforated ulcers can be considered as a special group of ulcers with the most pronounced changes of infiltration by plasmatic cells and eosinophils, edema and acute dyscirculatory changes, uniform and fairly high proliferative activity of the epithelium. Changes in the margins of the perforated ulcer allow for complete regeneration without excessive scarring with precise suturing of the perforation.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>перфоративная язва</kwd><kwd>желудок</kwd><kwd>двенадцатиперстная кишка</kwd><kwd>ушивание язвы</kwd><kwd>гистологическое исследование</kwd><kwd>иммуногистохимическое исследование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>perforated ulcer</kwd><kwd>stomach</kwd><kwd>duodenum</kwd><kwd>ulcer closure</kwd><kwd>histological examination</kwd><kwd>immunohistochemical examination</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сажин А. В., Ивахов Г. Б., СтраДымов Е. А. и Др. Сравнительная оценка результатов лапароскопического и открытого ушивания перфоративных гастродуоденальных язв, осложненных распространенным перитонитом // Хирургия: Журн. им. Н. И. 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