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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">uzspbgmu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Учёные записки Первого Санкт-Петербургского государственного медицинского университета имени академика И. П. Павлова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Scientific Notes of the Pavlov University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1607-4181</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24884/1607-4181-2019-26-3-78-85</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">uzspbgmu-630</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ РАБОТЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка эффективности гиполипидемических средств</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Evaluation of the effectiveness of lipid-lowering agents</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевко</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevko</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шевко Валерия Григорьевна, студент, участник студенческого научного общества кафедры клинической фармакологии и доказательной медицины</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">leroo.apples@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галас</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galas</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галас Мария Анатольевна, старший лаборант лаборатории фармакоэпидемиологии и фармакокинетики отдела фармакоэпидемиологии и биомедицинской статистики Института фармакологии им. акад. А.В. Вальдмана</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">galas.maria@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8784-856X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галанкин</surname><given-names>Т. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galankin</surname><given-names>T. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галанкин Тимофей Леонидович, заведующий лабораторией фармакоэпидемиологии и фармакокинетики отдела фармакоэпидемиологии и биомедицинской статистики Института фармакологии им. акад. А.В. Вальдмана</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6-8, L. Tolstoy str., Saint Petersburg, 197022. </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">galankint@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колбин</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolbin</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Колбин Алексей Сергеевич, заведующий кафедрой клинической фармакологии и доказательной медицины, ПСПбГМУ им. И. П. Павлова; профессор кафедры фармакологии медицинского факультета, СПбГУ</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alex.kolbin1971@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И. П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И. П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov University; Saint-Petersburg University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>07</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>78</fpage><lpage>85</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шевко В.Г., Галас М.А., Галанкин Т.Л., Колбин А.С., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шевко В.Г., Галас М.А., Галанкин Т.Л., Колбин А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shevko V.G., Galas M.A., Galankin T.L., Kolbin A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sci-notes.ru/jour/article/view/630">https://www.sci-notes.ru/jour/article/view/630</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Гиполипидемическая терапия в настоящее время является важнейшей стратегией первичной и вторичной профилактики сердечно-сосудистых осложнений, что подтверждается многочисленными исследованиями. Однако часто исследователи руководствуются анализом суррогатных конечных точек, что в настоящее время стало не только общепринятой практикой, но и актуальной проблемой. Выбор таких точек не лишен предвзятости со стороны исследователя и может привести к ложной оценке эффективности лекарственного препарата.</p><p>Цель – оценить значение гиполипидемической терапии статинами в отношении летальности.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы и материалы</title><p>Методы и материалы. Был выполнен анализ проспективных контролируемых исследований с выборкой от 2000 пациентов, в которых производилась оценка летальности в течение 2 и более лет терапии статинами, а также систематических обзоров литературы с метаанализом показателей летальности. Поиск осуществлялся на сайтах российских научных электронных библиотек eLibrary и «КиберЛенинка», англоязычных работ – на сайте PubMed.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Увеличение выживаемости при терапии статинами в отношении вторичной профилактики сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний составляет около 2 % в 5-летней перспективе и вовсе не обнаруживается при 10-летней профилактике. Среднее увеличение продолжительности жизни при этом составляет всего 4,1 дня. Ни в одном исследовании не было продемонстрировано статистически значимого увеличения выживаемости при терапии статинами в отношении первичной профилактики.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Эффективность статинов в качестве средств вторичной профилактики сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, оцененная по результатам суррогатных конечных точек, может быть значительно преувеличена. Предвзятый подход к выбору суррогатных конечных точек может привести к некорректности полученных результатов. Аналогичным образом могут быть предвзяты обнадеживающие результаты статинов в профилактике сердечно-сосудистой смертности, когда влияние статинов на другие причины смерти выносится за скобки. Летальность и выживаемость является универсальным обобщающим показателем, характеризующим как эффективность, так и безопасность лекарственного препарата.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Nowadays, lipid-lowering therapy is considered an essential strategy for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular outcomes, which is confirmed by numerous studies. Nevertheless, researches are often guided by analysis of surrogate endpoints, which becomes not just everyday practice, but also an actual problem. Surrogate endpoints are wellknown sources of bias that can distort the risk-benefit analysis.</p><p>The objective of the study was to assess the significance of lipid-lowering therapy with statins in relation to mortality.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods and materials</title><p>Methods and materials. The analysis of prospective controlled trials was carried out with a sample of 2000 patients and more, in which mortality rate was assessed for 2 or more years of statin therapy, as well as systematic literature reviews with a meta-analysis of mortality rates. The search was carried out on websites of the Russian scientific electronic libraries eLibrary and сyberleninka , English-language works – on the PubMed website.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. An increase in survival during treatment with statins in case of secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases reached about 2 % after five years’ treatment and was absent after ten years’ treatment. The average increase in life expectancy was only 4.1 days. Primary prevention with statins has not been shown to increase survival significantly.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Effectiveness of lipid-lowering therapy with statins as a part of secondary prevention of cardiovascular outcomes assessed by surrogate endpoints could be greatly exaggerated. A biased approach to selecting surrogate endpoints can lead to incorrect results. Similarly, the encouraging results of therapy with statins in the prevention of cardiovascular mortality may be biased when the effect of statins on other causes of death is not considered. Mortality refers to a universal endpoint that characterizes both the effectiveness and safety of a drug.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>летальность</kwd><kwd>выживаемость</kwd><kwd>статины</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd><kwd>твердые и суррогатные точки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mortality</kwd><kwd>survival</kwd><kwd>statins</kwd><kwd>prevention</kwd><kwd>surrogate endpoints</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cholesterol Treatment Trialists’ (CTT) Collaboration. Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170 000 participants in 26 randomised trials // Lancet. – 2010. – Vol. 376. – P. 1670–1681.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cholesterol Treatment Trialists’ (CTT) Collaboration. 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