uzspbgmuУчёные записки Первого Санкт-Петербургского государственного медицинского университета имени академика И. П. ПавловаThe Scientific Notes of the Pavlov University1607-41812541-8807Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University10.24884/1607-4181-2014-21-3-8-12uzspbgmu-50Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИREVIEWS AND LECTURESНЕИНВАЗИВНАЯ ДИАГНОСТИКА КОЛОРЕКТАЛЬНОГО РАКА: МОЛЕКУЛЯРНО-ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ ФЕКАЛЬНОЙ ДНКNoninvasive diagnostics for colorectal cancer: molecular genetic fecal DNA analysisБутровичГ. М.ButrovichG. M.noemail@neicon.ruМирлинаЕ. Д.MirlinaE. D.noemail@neicon.ruХабароваИ. Г.HabarovaI. G.noemail@neicon.ruВострюхинаО. А.VostrukhinaO. A.noemail@neicon.ruПетербургский институт ядерной физики имени Б.П. Константинова НИЦ «Курчатовский институт»; Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. ПавловаRussian Federation201430092014213812Copyright © Бутрович Г.М., Мирлина Е.Д., Хабарова И.Г., Вострюхина О.А., 20142014Бутрович Г.М., Мирлина Е.Д., Хабарова И.Г., Вострюхина О.А.Butrovich G.M., Mirlina E.D., Habarova I.G., Vostrukhina O.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.sci-notes.ru/jour/article/view/50

Колоректальный рак (КРР) остается одной из основных причин смертности среди онкологических заболеваний в мире. Ранняя диагностика имеет фундаментальное значение для снижения заболеваемости и смертности от КРР. В настоящее время исследователи заняты поисками надежных и эффективных неинвазивных скрининговых тестов, использующих легкодоступные биологические образцы, такие как фекалии. Подобные методики имеют также большой потенциал для сбора и доставки образцов. В обзоре обсуждаются несколько новых вариантов анализа фекальных образцов пациентов с использованием генетических методов и дано их сравнение с традиционно используемыми тестами на скрытую кровь в фекалиях. Критериями для предпочтения того или другого способа являются чувствительность, специфичность метода, его технологичность, стоимость анализа и возможность раннего выявления КРР. Эти факторы определяют возможности масштабного скрининга КРР. Достижения в области технологии обещают повышение эффективности анализа фекальной ДНК и ввод новых клинических приложений.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is still one of the leading causes of cancer-related death all over the world. An early diagnosis is fundamental thing for reducing the CRC-related morbidity and mortality. Nowadays researchers are studying more reliable and effective non-invasive screening tests, using easily available biological samples, such as feces. Such methods have high potential to collect and deliver samples. The comparison of some new variants genomic fecal DNA analysis and traditional fecal occult blood tests are discussed in this review. Sensitivity, specificity of the methods, processability, efficacy and ability of early CRC screening are the criteria for the preference of the using of one of these methods. These factors give the opportunity to carry out the large-scale CRC screening. This technological advance promises to increase the efficiency of the fecal DNA analysis and put the using of new clinical applications.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.