<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">uzspbgmu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Учёные записки Первого Санкт-Петербургского государственного медицинского университета имени академика И. П. Павлова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Scientific Notes of the Pavlov University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1607-4181</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24884/1607-4181-2018-25-1-7-14</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">uzspbgmu-453</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>CООТВЕТСТВИЕ РЕЗУЛЬТАТОВ КЛИНИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ И РЕАЛЬНОЙ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ ПРАКТИКИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>CLINICAL TRIAL RESULS AND REAL WORLD MEDICAL EVIDENCE GAP</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филиппова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Philippova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><email xlink:type="simple">a.v.filippova2012@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колбин</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolbin</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заведующий кафедрой клинической фармакологии и доказательной медицины ПСПбГМУ им. И.П. Павлова</p><p>Профессор кафедры фармакологии медицинского факультета СПбГУ</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alex.kolbin1971@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University» St. Petersburg</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации&#13;
&#13;
Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Saint-Petersburg State University», St. Petersburg</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>14</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Филиппова А.В., Колбин А.С., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Филиппова А.В., Колбин А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Philippova A.V., Kolbin A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sci-notes.ru/jour/article/view/453">https://www.sci-notes.ru/jour/article/view/453</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья представляет собой систематический обзор литературы, посвященный современным представлениям о проблеме несоответствия результатов рандомизированных клинических исследований (РКИ) и реальной практики.</p><p>В обзор включено 18 статей и 1 публикация экспертного сообщества. 13 статей посвящено изучению данного вопроса на частных примерах и 5 статей – описывают проблему системно. Авторы 16-ти статей пришли к выводу о том, что по результатам их наблюдений указанное несоответствие действительно существует, и авторы 2-х статей заключили, что в их исследованиях указанного несоответствия не обнаружено.</p><p>По результатам обзора заключено, что факторы, определяющие указанное несоответствие, можно условно разделить на следующие группы: субъективные факторы, определяющиеся организацией системы здравоохранения и принципами взаимодействия между врачом и пациентом; объективные факторы – которые определяются неотъемлемыми ограничениями РКИ как научного метода познания; и факторы, искусственно создаваемые в РКИ, занимающие промежуточное положение. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This is a systematic literature overview concerning contemporary approaches to the gap between randomized clinical trials (RCT) results and the evidence within real world medical practice («efficacy-effectiveness gap, EEG»). The overview includes 18 articles and 1 publication by regulatory expert community. 13 articles describe the EEG using particular evidence and 5 articles discuss the issue systematically. According to the results of the observations, the authors of 16 articles concluded that this discrepancy exists, and the authors of 2 articles concluded that in their studies this discrepancy was not found. Upon current review it was concluded that the factors providing EEG can be divided into the following groups: subjective factors coming from healthcare system organization processes and the caregiver-patient intercommunication principles; objective factors coming from essential RCT limitations as a scientific method; and the artificial limitations always made within RCT taking intermediate position.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>действенность</kwd><kwd>эффективность</kwd><kwd>рандомизированные клинические исследования</kwd><kwd>реальная медицинская практика</kwd><kwd>несоответствие действенности и эффективности</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>efficacy</kwd><kwd>effectiveness</kwd><kwd>randomized clinical trials</kwd><kwd>real world medical practice</kwd><kwd>efficacy-effectiveness gap</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Кафедра клинической фармакологии и доказательной медицины ПСПбГМУ им. И.П. Павлова</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cochrane A.L. Effectiveness and efficiency: random reflection on health services. London: Nuffield Provincial Hospitals Trust, 1972 [online]. URL: https://www.nuffieldtrust.org.uk/files/2017-01/effectiveness-and-efficiency-web-final.pdf (Дата обращения 23.09.2017). DOI: 10.1016/S0033-3506(73)80082-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cochrane A.L. Effectiveness and efficiency: random reflection on health services. London: Nuffield Provincial Hospitals Trust, 1972 [online]. URL: https://www.nuffieldtrust. org.uk/files/2017-01/effectiveness-and-efficiency-web-final. pdf (Дата обращения 23.09.2017). DOI: 10.1016/S0033- 3506(73)80082-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haynes B. Can it work? Does it work? Is it worth it?: The testing of healthcare interventions is evolving. BMJ : British Medical Journal. 1999; 319 (7211): 652-653 [online]. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1116525/pdf/652.pdf (Дата обращения 23.09.2017). DOI: 10.1136/bmj.319.7211.652.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haynes B. Can it work? Does it work? Is it worth it?: The testing of healthcare interventions is evolving. BMJ : British Medical Journal. 1999; 319 (7211): 652-653 [online]. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1116525/ pdf/652.pdf (Дата обращения 23.09.2017). DOI: 10.1136/ bmj.319.7211.652.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">High Level Pharmaceutical Forum 2005-2008. Final Conclusions and Recommendations of the Pharmaceutical Forum [online]. URL: http://www.bgpharma.bg/bulletin/read/edition/8/file/final_conclusions_en.pdf (Дата обращения 23.09.2017);</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">High Level Pharmaceutical Forum 2005-2008. Final Conclusions and Recommendations of the Pharmaceutical Forum [online]. URL: http://www.bgpharma.bg/bulletin/ read/edition/8/file/final_conclusions_en.pdf (Дата обращения 23.09.2017);</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eichler H.G., Abadie E., Breckenridge A., et al. Bridging the efficacy-effectiveness gap: a regulator's perspective on addressing variability of drug response. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2011; 10(7):495-506 [online]. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21720406 (дата обращения 23.09.2017). DOI: 10.2147/CLEP.S121991.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eichler H.G., Abadie E., Breckenridge A., et al. Bridging the efficacy-effectiveness gap: a regulator’s perspective on addressing variability of drug response. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2011; 10(7):495-506 [online]. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/pubmed/21720406 (дата обращения 23.09.2017). DOI: 10.2147/CLEP.S121991.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guscott R., Taylor L. Lithium prophylaxis in recurrent affective illness. Efficacy, effectiveness and efficiency. Br J Psychiatry. 1994;164(6):741-6 [online]. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7952980 (дата обращения 23.09.2017). DOI: 10.1192/bjp.164.6.741.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guscott R., Taylor L. Lithium prophylaxis in recurrent affective illness. Efficacy, effectiveness and efficiency. Br J Psychiatry. 1994;164(6):741-6 [online]. URL: https:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7952980 (дата обращения 23.09.2017). DOI: 10.1192/bjp.164.6.741.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bauer M.S., McBride L., Shea N., et al. Impact of an easy-access VA clinic-based program for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatr Serv. 1997;48(4):491-6 [online]. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9090732 (дата обращения 23.09.2017). DOI: 10.1016/0006-3223(96)84045-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bauer M.S., McBride L., Shea N., et al. Impact of an easy-access VA clinic-based program for patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatr Serv. 1997;48(4):491-6 [online]. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9090732 (дата обращения 23.09.2017). DOI: 10.1016/0006-3223(96)84045-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bauer M.S., Williford W.O., Dawson E.E., et al. Principles of effectiveness trials and their implementation in VA Cooperative Study #430: 'Reducing the efficacy-effectiveness gap in bipolar disorder'. J Affect Disord. 2001;67(1-3):61-78 [online]. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11869753 (дата обращения 23.09.2017). DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0327(01)00440-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bauer M.S., Williford W.O., Dawson E.E., et al. Principles of effectiveness trials and their im-plementation in VA Cooperative Study #430: ‘Reducing the efficacyeffectiveness gap in bipolar disorder’. J Affect Disord. 2001;67(1-3):61-78 [online]. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/pubmed/11869753 (дата обращения 23.09.2017). DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0327(01)00440-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bauer M.S. The collaborative practice model for bipolar disorder: design and implementation in a multi-site randomized controlled trial. Bipolar Disord. 2001; Oct;3(5):233-44 [online]. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11903206 (дата обращения 23.09.2017). DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-5618.2001.30502.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bauer M.S. The collaborative practice model for bipolar disorder: design and implementation in a multisite randomized controlled trial. Bipolar Disord. 2001; Oct;3(5):233-44 [online]. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/pubmed/11903206 (дата обращения 23.09.2017). DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-5618.2001.30502.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scott J. Using Health Belief Models to understand the efficacy-effectiveness gap for mood stabilizer treatments. Neuropsychobiology. 2002; 46 Suppl 1:13-5 [online]. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12571427 (дата обращения 23.09.2017). DOI: 10.1159/000068022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scott J. Using Health Belief Models to understand the efficacy-effectiveness gap for mood stabilizer treatments. Neuropsychobiology. 2002; 46 Suppl 1:13-5 [online]. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12571427 (дата об- ращения 23.09.2017). DOI: 10.1159/000068022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Colom F. Achieving remission and recovery in bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2010;71(11):e32 [online]. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21114945 (дата обращения 23.09.2017). DOI: 10.4088/jcp.9075tx2c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Colom F. Achieving remission and recovery in bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2010;71(11):e32 [online]. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21114945 (дата об- ращения 23.09.2017). DOI: 10.4088/jcp.9075tx2c.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weiss A.P., Guidi J., Fava M. Closing the efficacy-effectiveness gap: translating both the what and the how from randomized controlled trials to clinical practice. J Clin Psychiatry. 2009;70(4):446-9 [online]. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19403096 (дата обращения 23.09.2017). DOI: 10.4088/jcp.08com04901.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weiss A.P., Guidi J., Fava M. Closing the efficacyeffectiveness gap: translating both the what and the how from randomized controlled trials to clinical practice. J Clin Psychiatry. 2009;70(4):446-9 [online]. URL: https://www. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19403096 (дата обращения 23.09. 2017). DOI: 10.4088/jcp.08com04901.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">MacDonald K.M., Vancayzeele S., Deblander A., et al. Longitudinal observational studies to study the efficacy-effectiveness gap in drug therapy: application to mild and moderate dementia. Nurs Clin North Am. 2006;41(1):105-17, vii [online]. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16492457 (дата обращения 23.09.2017). DOI: 10.1016/j.cnur.2005.10.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">MacDonald K.M., Vancayzeele S., Deblander A., et al. Longitudinal observational studies to study the efficacy-effectiveness gap in drug therapy: application to mild and moderate dementia. Nurs Clin North Am. 2006;41(1):105-17, vii [online]. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16492457 (дата обращения 23.09.2017). DOI: 10.1016/j.cnur.2005.10.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tandon R. Bridging the efficacy-effectiveness gap in the antipsychotic treatment of schizophrenia: back to the basics. J Clin Psychiatry. 2014;75(11):e1321-2 [online]. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25470099 (дата обращения 24.09.2017). DOI: 10.4088/jcp.14com09595.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tandon R. Bridging the efficacy-effectiveness gap in the antipsychotic treatment of schizophrenia: back to the basics. J Clin Psychiatry. 2014;75(11):e1321-2 [online]. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25470099 (дата обра-щения 24.09.2017). DOI: 10.4088/jcp.14com09595.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Srikanthan A., Amir E. Efficacy-effectiveness gap as an obstacle to translating clinical trials to clinical practice. Eur J Cancer. 2015;51(8):905-6 [online]. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25857548 (дата обращения 24.09.2017). DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.03.017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Srikanthan A., Amir E. Efficacy-effectiveness gap as an obstacle to translating clinical trials to clinical practice. Eur J Cancer. 2015;51(8):905-6 [online]. URL: https://www. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25857548 (дата обращения 24.09.2017). DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.03.017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thortzen A., Thim S., Røder M.A., et al. A single-center experience with abiraterone as treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Urol Oncol. 2016; 34(7):291.e1-7 [online]. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26971191 (дата обращения 24.09.2017). DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2016.02.013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thortzen A., Thim S., Røder M.A., et al. A single-center experience with abiraterone as treat-ment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Urol Oncol. 2016; 34(7):291.e1-7 [online]. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/pubmed/26971191 (дата обращения 24.09.2017). DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2016.02.013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schuller Y., Hollak C.E.M., Gispen-de Wied C.C., et al. Factors Contributing to the Efficacy-Effectiveness Gap in the Case of Orphan Drugs for Metabolic Diseases. Drugs. 2017 [online]. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28752290 (дата обращения 24.09.2017). DOI: 10.1007/s40265-017-0788-z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schuller Y., Hollak C.E.M., Gispen-de Wied C.C., et al. Factors Contributing to the Efficacy-Effectiveness Gap in the Case of Orphan Drugs for Metabolic Diseases. Drugs. 2017 [online]. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed/28752290 (дата обращения 24.09.2017). DOI: 10.1007/s40265-017-0788-z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jäger A., Amler N., Bierbaum M., et al. Quantifying The Efficacy-Effectiveness-Gap Using The Example of Metformin. Value Health. 2015;18(7):A618-9 [online]. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26533470 (дата обращения 24.09.2017). 10.1016/j.jval.2015.09.2161.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jäger A., Amler N., Bierbaum M., et al. Quantifying The Efficacy-Effectiveness-Gap Using The Example of Metformin. Value Health. 2015;18(7):A618-9 [online]. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26533470 (дата об- ращения 24.09.2017). 10.1016/j.jval.2015.09.2161.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ankarfeldt M.Z., Adalsteinsson E., Groenwold R.H., et al. A systematic literature review on the efficacy-effectiveness gap: comparison of randomized controlled trials and observational studies of glucose-lowering drugs. Clin Epidemiol. 2017;9:41-51 [online]. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28176959 (дата обращения 24.09.2017). DOI: 10.2147/clep.s121991.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ankarfeldt M.Z., Adalsteinsson E., Groenwold R.H., et al. A systematic literature review on the efficacy-effectiveness gap: comparison of randomized controlled trials and observational studies of glucose-lowering drugs. Clin Epidemiol. 2017;9:41-51 [online]. URL: https://www.ncbi. nlm. nih.gov/pubmed/28176959 (дата обращения 24.09.2017). DOI: 10.2147/clep.s121991.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nordon C., Karcher H., Groenwold R.H., et al. The "Efficacy-Effectiveness Gap": Historical Background and Current Conceptualization. Value Health. 2016;19(1):75-81 [online]. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26797239 (дата обращения 24.09.2017). DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2015.09.2938.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nordon C., Karcher H., Groenwold R.H., et al. The «Efficacy-Effectiveness Gap»: Historical Background and Current Conceptualization. Value Health. 2016;19(1):75- 81 [online]. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ 26797239 (дата обращения 24.09.2017). DOI: 10.1016/ j.jval.2015.09.2938.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
