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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">uzspbgmu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Учёные записки Первого Санкт-Петербургского государственного медицинского университета имени академика И. П. Павлова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Scientific Notes of the Pavlov University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1607-4181</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24884/1607-4181-2017-24-2-12-22</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">uzspbgmu-385</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>МОЛЕКУЛЯРНО-ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЙ «ПОРТРЕТ» РАКА МОЛОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MOLECULAR-GENETIC «PORTRAIT» OF BREAST CANCER</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лаптиев</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Laptiev</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ассистент кафедры медицинской биологии и генетики ПСПбГМУ им. акад. И.П. Павлова, врач-генетик</p><p>ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8, Санкт-Петербург, Россия, 197022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6-8 L’va Tolstogo street, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">telula87@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корженевская</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korzhenevskaia</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зав. кафедрой медицинской биологии и генетики ПСПбГМУ им. акад. И.П. Павлова, к.б.н., доц.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">korgmar@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Имянитов</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Imyanitov</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>рук. отд. биологии опухолевого роста НИИ онкологии им. Н.Н. Петрова, д.м.н., проф., член-кор РАН </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">evgeny@imyanitov.spb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Academician I. P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russion Federation<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">НИИ онкологии им. Н.Н. Петрова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">FSBI «N. N. Petrov Institute of Oncology» Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>22</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лаптиев С.А., Корженевская М.А., Имянитов Е.Н., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лаптиев С.А., Корженевская М.А., Имянитов Е.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Laptiev S.A., Korzhenevskaia M.A., Imyanitov E.N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sci-notes.ru/jour/article/view/385">https://www.sci-notes.ru/jour/article/view/385</self-uri><abstract><p>Понимание генетических механизмов и выявление биологических маркеров опухолевого роста формируют индивидуальный молекулярный фенотип трансформированных клеток, который характеризует степень злокачественности опухоли, способность к метастазированию, гормональную чувствительность, эффективность химиотерапии и т. д. В опухолях пациентов с онкологическими заболеваниями обнаруживаются мутации прото- и антионкогенов, контролирующих митотическую активность клеток и их способность к репарации ДНК. Дефекты классических генов-супрессоров опухолевого роста (BRCA1/2, CHEK2, ATM, PALB2, NBS1, TP53 и др.) детерминируют наследственную предрасположенность к развитию рака молочной железы (РМЖ), обусловленную нарушением стабильности генома и возникновением «химерных» генов, анеуплоидий или хромосомных аберраций. РМЖ представляет собой генетически гетерогенное заболевание с различными молекулярно-биологическими и клиническими особенностями. Идентификация молекулярного фенотипа карцином молочной железы является важным прогностическим фактором заболевания и позволяет персонифицировать лечение больных.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Understanding genetic mechanisms and detection of biological markers of tumor growth forms an individual molecular phenotype oftransformed cells that characterizes stage of tumor, the ability to metastasize, hormonal sensitivity, chemotherapyefficiencyetc. Mutations in proto- and anti-oncogenes controlling mitotic activity of cells and their ability to DNA reparation are often found in tumor cells in patients with cancer. Defects of classical tumor suppressor genes (BRCA1/2, CHEK2, ATM, PALB2, NBS1, TP53, etc.) determine the hereditary predisposition to breast cancer caused by genomic instability and appearance of «chimeric» genes, aneuploidies and chromosomal aberrations. Breast cancer is a genetically heterogeneous disease with various molecular, biological and clinical features. Identificationof the molecular phenotype of breast carcinomas is an important prognostic factor of the disease, and it helps to individualize the therapeutic approach for patients.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак молочной железы</kwd><kwd>протоонкогены</kwd><kwd>антионкогены</kwd><kwd>молекулярные маркеры опухолевых клеток</kwd><kwd>онкоассоциированные мутации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>breast cancer</kwd><kwd>proto-oncogenes</kwd><kwd>anti-oncogenes</kwd><kwd>molecular markers of tumor cells</kwd><kwd>cancer predisposing mutations</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каприн А. Д., Старинский В. В., Петрова Г. В. 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