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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">uzspbgmu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Учёные записки Первого Санкт-Петербургского государственного медицинского университета имени академика И. П. Павлова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Scientific Notes of the Pavlov University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1607-4181</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24884/1607-4181-2016-23-2-20-26</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">uzspbgmu-326</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ О РАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ДИАГНОСТИКЕ И ЛЕЧЕНИИ ПРИОБРЕТЕННОЙ МИАСТЕНИИ. Часть 1: диагностика</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Current aspects of the clinic, diagnosis and treatment of acquired myasthenia gravis (review). Part 1: diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бардаков</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bardakov</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра нефрологии и эфферентной терапии; кафедра нервных болезней ВМедА; кафедра неврологии и мануальной медицины ПСПбГМУ им. И.П. Павлова</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Живолупов</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhivolupov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра нефрологии и эфферентной терапии; кафедра нервных болезней ВМедА; кафедра неврологии и мануальной медицины ПСПбГМУ им. И.П. Павлова</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баранцевич</surname><given-names>Е. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Barantsevich</surname><given-names>E. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра нефрологии и эфферентной терапии; кафедра нервных болезней ВМедА; кафедра неврологии и мануальной медицины ПСПбГМУ им. И.П. Павлова</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захаров</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра нефрологии и эфферентной терапии; кафедра нервных болезней ВМедА; кафедра неврологии и мануальной медицины ПСПбГМУ им. И.П. Павлова</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самарцев</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samartsev</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра нефрологии и эфферентной терапии; кафедра нервных болезней ВМедА; кафедра неврологии и мануальной медицины ПСПбГМУ им. И.П. Павлова</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Военно-медицинская академия имени С. М. Кирова; &#13;
Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. академика И.П. Павлова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>S.M.Kirov Military Medical Academy; &#13;
Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>20</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бардаков С.Н., Живолупов С.А., Баранцевич Е.Р., Захаров М.В., Самарцев И.Н., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бардаков С.Н., Живолупов С.А., Баранцевич Е.Р., Захаров М.В., Самарцев И.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bardakov S.N., Zhivolupov S.A., Barantsevich E.R., Zakharov M.V., Samartsev I.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sci-notes.ru/jour/article/view/326">https://www.sci-notes.ru/jour/article/view/326</self-uri><abstract><p>Приобретенная миастения – это аутоиммунное заболевание, характеризующееся слабостью и повышенной утомляемостью скелетной мускулатуры, а в ряде случаев – сердечной мышцы, в основе которого лежит дисбаланс гуморального и клеточного звеньев иммунитета. Объектомаутоиммунного поражения в большинстве случаев являются периферические никотиновые ацетилхолиновые рецепторы постсинаптической мембраны нервно-мышечного синапса. Известен ряд других антигенных мишеней при миастении: мышечная специфическая тирозинкиназа, белок-4, связанный с рецептором липопротеинов низкой плотности, рианодиновые рецепторы, титин и другие антигены скелетной мускулатуры. Их специфичность и патогенетическая роль раскрыта, но все же остается примерно 15– 20 % серонегативных форм, требующих иммунологической идентификации. Точный диагноз зависит от выявления клинической формы миастении и полноценного анализа аутоиммунных механизмов; лежащих в основе заболевания. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Acquired myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease, based on the imbalance of humoral and cellular immunity, characterized by weakness and fatigue of skeletal muscles, and in some cases involvement of the heart muscle. In most cases, the object of the autoimmune destruction is peripheral nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of the postsynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular synapse. In myasthenia gravis there has been identified a number of other antigenic targets: muscle-specific tyrosine kinase, lowdensity lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4, titin, and ryanodine receptors skeletal muscles. Their specificity and pathogenetic role have been disclosed, but it is about 15-20% of seronegative forms that require further immunological research. Accurate diagnosis depends on the efficient detection of clinical forms of myasthenia gravis and full analysis of the autoimmune mechanisms underlying the disease.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>миастения</kwd><kwd>серонегативная форма миастении</kwd><kwd>антитела к ацетилхолиновым рецепторам</kwd><kwd>антитела к антигенам скелетной мускулатуры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>myasthenia gravis</kwd><kwd>seronegative myasthenia gravis</kwd><kwd>antibodies to acetylcholine receptors</kwd><kwd>antibodies to antigens ofskeletal muscle</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гехт Б. М. Синдромы патологической мышечной утомляемости. – М.: Медицина, 1974. – 200 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Гехт Б. М. 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