<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">uzspbgmu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Учёные записки Первого Санкт-Петербургского государственного медицинского университета имени академика И. П. Павлова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Scientific Notes of the Pavlov University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1607-4181</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24884/1607-4181-2026-33-1-48-57</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">uzspbgmu-1233</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ РАБОТЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Синдром поражения дорсальных отделов моста мозга</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A dorsal pontine tegmentum syndrome</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1880-3122</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шулешова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shuleshova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шулешова Наталья Викторовна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, профессор кафедры неврологии</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shuleshova Natalya V., Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Professor of the Department of Neurology</p><p>6-8, L’va Tolstogo str., Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shuleshova@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7922-5047</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панченко</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panchenko</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Панченко Никита Игоревич, аспирант кафедры неврологии</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Panchenko Nikita I., Postgraduate Student of the Department of Neurology</p><p>6-8, L’va Tolstogo str., Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tumblerspb@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5601-5899</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кирьянов</surname><given-names>Ю. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiryanov</surname><given-names>Yu. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кирьянов Юрий Михайлович, аспирант кафедры неврологии</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kiryanov Yuriy M., Postgraduate Student of the Department of Neurology</p><p>6-8, L’va Tolstogo str., Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dontwritehere@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И. П. Павлова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>48</fpage><lpage>57</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шулешова Н.В., Панченко Н.И., Кирьянов Ю.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шулешова Н.В., Панченко Н.И., Кирьянов Ю.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shuleshova N.V., Panchenko N.I., Kiryanov Y.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sci-notes.ru/jour/article/view/1233">https://www.sci-notes.ru/jour/article/view/1233</self-uri><abstract><p>Несмотря на то, что поражения дорсальных отделов моста мозга встречаются довольно редко, они имеют достаточно четко очерченные клинические проявления, ядром которых является одно- или двустороннее поражение ядер лицевого и отводящего нервов, и медиального продольного пучка, что вызывает глазодвигательные нарушения и прозопарез. Наличие дополнительно других очаговых неврологических симптомов зависит от объема поражения и вовлеченных соседних структур моста мозга. В статье приводятся современные литературные данные о состоянии этой проблемы и описывается 3 клинических случая, при которых возникало различное по этиологии поражение этой маленькой зоны.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Despite of the rarity of the dorsal pons lesion, it has a highly specific clinical presentation with such heraldic features as unilateral or bilateral lesion of facial and abducent nerve’s nuclei, together with the medial longitudinal fasciculus, which leads to the development of oculomotor dysfunction, and prosoparesis. The presence of additional focal neurological signs depends on the size of the lesion, and the defect in the affected neighboring pontine structures. This article represents some modern data concerning this problem from the literature, and report of 3 clinical cases in which this small zone was affected due to different etiological factors.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дорсальные отделы моста мозга</kwd><kwd>глазодвигательные расстройства</kwd><kwd>поражение отводящего нерва</kwd><kwd>прозопарез</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dorsal pons</kwd><kwd>oculomotor disability</kwd><kwd>abducent nerve lesion</kwd><kwd>prosoparesis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nardone S., De Luca R., Zito A. et al. A spatially-resolved transcriptional atlas of the murine dorsal pons at single-cell resolution // Nat Commun. – 2024. – Vol. 15, № 1. – P. 1966. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45907-7. PMID: 38438345; PMCID: PMC10912765.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nardone S., De Luca R., Zito A. et al. A spatially-resolved transcriptional atlas of the murine dorsal pons at single-cell resolution // Nat Commun. 2024;15(1):1966. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45907-7. PMID: 38438345; PMCID: PMC10912765.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scammell T. E., Arrigoni E., Lipton J. O. Neural circuitry of wakefulness and sleep // Neuron. –2017. – Vol. 93. – P. 747–765. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2017.01.014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scammell T. E., Arrigoni E., Lipton J. O. Neural circuitry of wakefulness and sleep // Neuron. –2017;93:747–765. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2017.01.014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Breton-Provencher V., Drummond G. T., Sur M. Locus coeruleus norepinephrine in learned behavior: anatomical modularity and spatiotemporal integration in targets // Front. Neural Circuits. 2021;15:638007. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2021.638007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Breton-Provencher V., Drummond G. T., Sur M. Locus coeruleus norepinephrine in learned behavior: anatomical modularity and spatiotemporal integration in targets // Front. Neural Circuits. 2021;15:638007. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2021.638007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ryan P. J., Ma S., Olucha-Bordonau F. E., Gundlach A. L. Nucleus incertus – an emerging modulatory role in arousal, stress and memory // Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. – 2011. – Vol. 35. – P. 1326–1341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.02.004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ryan P. J., Ma S., Olucha-Bordonau F. E., Gundlach A. L. Nucleus incertus – an emerging modulatory role in arousal, stress and memory // Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2011;35:1326–1341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.02.004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lu L., Ren Y., Yu T. et al. Control of locomotor speed, arousal, and hippocampal theta rhythms by the nucleus incertus // Nat. Commun. – 2020. – Vol. 11. – P. 262. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-14116-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lu L., Ren Y., Yu T. et al. Control of locomotor speed, arousal, and hippocampal theta rhythms by the nucleus incertus // Nat. Commun. 2020;11:262. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-14116-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miller J. R., Zuperku E. J., Stuth E. A. E. et al. A subregion of the parabrachial nucleus partially mediates respiratory rate depression from intravenous remifentanil in young and adult rabbits // Anesthesiology. – 2017. – Vol. 127. – P. 502– 514. https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0000000000001719.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miller J. R., Zuperku E. J., Stuth E. A. E. et al. A subregion of the parabrachial nucleus partially mediates respiratory rate depression from intravenous remifentanil in young and adult rabbits // Anesthesiology. 2017;127:502–514. https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0000000000001719.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deng J., Zhou H., Lin J.-K. et al. The parabrachial nucleus directly channels spinal nociceptive signals to the intralaminar thalamic nuclei, but not the amygdale // Neuron. – 2020. – Vol. 107. – P. 909–923.e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2020.06.017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deng J., Zhou H., Lin J.-K. et al. The parabrachial nucleus directly channels spinal nociceptive signals to the intralaminar thalamic nuclei, but not the amygdale // Neuron. 2020;107:909–923.e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2020.06.017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Coimbra B., Soares-Cunha C., Vasconcelos N. A. P. et al. Role of laterodorsal tegmentum projections to nucleus accumbens in reward-related behaviors // Nat. Commun. – 2019. – Vol. 10. – P. 4138. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11557-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Coimbra B., Soares-Cunha C., Vasconcelos N. A. P. et al. Role of laterodorsal tegmentum projections to nucleus accumbens in reward-related behaviors // Nat. Commun. 2019;10:4138. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11557-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taube J. S. The head direction signal: origins and sensory-motor integration // Annu. Rev. Neurosci. –2007. – Vol. 30. – P. 181–207. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.29.051605.112854.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taube J. S. The head direction signal: origins and sensory-motor integration // Annu. Rev. Neurosci. – 2007; 30:181–207. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.29.051605.112854.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Szőnyi A., Sos K. E., Nyilas R. et al. Brainstem nucleus incertus controls contextual memory formation // Science. – 2019. – Vol. 364. – P. eaaw0445. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw0445.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Szőnyi A., Sos K. E., Nyilas R. et al. Brainstem nucleus incertus controls contextual memory formation // Science. 2019;364:eaaw0445. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw0445.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim D.-Y., Heo G., Kim M. et al. A neural circuit mechanism for mechanosensory feedback control of ingestion // Nature. – 2020. – Vol. 580. – P. 376–380. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2167-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Verstegen A. M. J., Vanderhorst V., Gray P. A. et al. Barrington’s nucleus: Neuroanatomic landscape of the mouse “pontine micturition center” // J. Comp. Neurol. 2017; 525:2287–2309. https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.24215.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Verstegen A. M. J., Vanderhorst V., Gray P. A. et al. Barrington’s nucleus: Neuroanatomic landscape of the mouse “pontine micturition center” // J. Comp. Neurol. – 2017. – Vol. 525. – P. 2287–2309. https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.24215.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim D.-Y., Heo G., Kim M. et al. A neural circuit mechanism for mechanosensory feedback control of ingestion // Nature. 2020;580:376–380. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2167-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Geerling J. C., Kim M., Mahoney C. E. et al. Genetic identity of thermosensory relay neurons in the lateral parabrachial nucleus // Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. – 2016. – Vol. 310. – R41–R54. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00094.2015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Geerling J. C., Kim M., Mahoney C. E. et al. Genetic identity of thermosensory relay neurons in the lateral parabrachial nucleus // Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 2016;310:R41–R54. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00094.2015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davern P. J. A role for the lateral parabrachial nucleus in cardiovascular function and ﬂuid homeostasis // Front. Physiol. – 2014. – Vol. 5. – P. 436. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2014.00436.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davern P. J. A role for the lateral parabrachial nucleus in cardiovascular function and ﬂuid homeostasis // Front. Physiol.2014;5:436. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2014.00436.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Campos C. A., Bowen A. J., Roman C. W., Palmiter R. D. Encoding of danger by parabrachial CGRP neurons // Nature. – 2018. – Vol. 555. – P. 617–622. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature25511.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Campos C.A., Bowen A. J., Roman C. W., Palmiter R. D. Encoding of danger by parabrachial CGRP neurons // Nature. 2018;555:617–622. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature25511.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бассетти K. Л., Мументалер М. Дифференциальный диагноз в неврологии. Руководство по оценке, классификации и дифференциальной диагностике неврологических симптомов. Пер.с нем. – М. : МЕДпрессинформ, 2017. – 418 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bassetti K. L., Mumentaler M. Differential diagnosis in neurology. Guidelines for the assessment, classiﬁcation and differential diagnosis of neurological symptoms. Translated from German. Moscow, MEDpress-inform, 2017, 418 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Скоромец А. А., Амелин А. В., Баранцевич Е. Р. и др. Церебральная ангионеврология: Руководство для врачей: В 2-х т. Т. 1 / под ред. акад. РАН Ю. А. Щербука. – Санкт-Петербург: Политехника, 2024. – Т. 1. – 887 с.: ил. ISBN 978-5-7325-1210-6 – общ. ISBN 978-5-7325-1211-3 – 1 том.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skoromets A.A., Amelin A. V., Barantsevich E. R. et al. Cerebral angioeducation: A guide for doctors: in 2 volumes. Vol. 1 / Eds by akad. RAS A. N. Shcherbuk. -Saint Petersburg: Polytechnic, 2024. Vol. 1. 887 p. ill. ISBN 978-5- 7325-1210-6-commonly. ISBN 978-5-7325-1211- 3-Volume 1. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fisher C. M. Some neuro-ophthalmological observations // J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. –1967. – Vol. 30, № 5. – P. 383. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.30.5.383.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fisher C. M. Some neuro-ophthalmological observations // J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. –1967;30(5):383. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.30.5.383.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xue F., Zhang L., Ying Z. et al. One-and-a-half syndrome with its spectrum disorders // Qant Imaging Med Surg. – 2017. – Vol. 7. – P. 691–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xue F., Zhang L., Ying Z. et al. One-and-a-half syndrome with its spectrum disorders // Qant Imaging Med Surg. 2017;7:691–7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cruciani A., Motolese F., Todisco A. et al. A Rare Neuro-Ophthalmological Condition in a Patient with Lung Adenocarcinoma: The Eight-and-a-Half Syndrome, Case Report and Review of the Literature // Brain Sciences. – 2022. – Vol. 12, № 4. – P. 451. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12040451.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cruciani A., Motolese F., Todisco A. et al. A Rare Neuro-Ophthalmological Condition in a Patient with Lung Adenocarcinoma: The Eight-and-a-Half Syndrome, Case Report and Review of the Literature // Brain Sciences. 2022;12(4):451. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12040451.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xia N. G., Chen Y., Li J. et al. Eight-and-a-half syndrome caused by a pontine haemorrhage: A case report and review of the literature // Int. J. Neurosci. – 2018. – Vol. 128. – P. 746–750.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xia N. G., Chen Y., Li J. et al. Eight-and-a-half syndrome caused by a pontine haemorrhage: A case report and review of the literature // Int. J. Neurosci. 2018;128:746–750.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosini F., Pretegiani E., Guderi F. et al. Eight and a half syndrome with hemiparesis and hemihypesthesia: the nine syndrome? // J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis. – 2013. – Vol. 22. – P. e637–e638.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosini F., Pretegiani E., Guderi F. et al. Eight and a half syndrome with hemiparesis and hemihypesthesia: the nine syndrome? // J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis. 2013;22:e637–e638.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allbon D. S., Hood B. La Thirteen-and-a-half syndrome // J. Neuroophthalmol. – 2016. – Vol. 36. – P. 191–192.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allbon D. S., Hood B. La Thirteen-and-a-half syndrome // J. Neuroophthalmol. 2016;36:191–192.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bae J. S., Song H. K. One-and-a-half syndrome with facial diplegia: The 15 ½ syndrome? // J. Neuroophthalmol. – 2005. – Vol. 25. – P. 52–53.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bae J. S., Song H. K. One-and-a-half syndrome with facial diplegia: The 15 ½ syndrome? // J. Neuroophthalmol. 2005;25:52–53.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Самойлов В. И. Синдромологическая диагностика заболеваний нервной системы: Руководство для врачей. – СПб. : Специальная литература, 1997. – Т. 1. – 304 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Samoilov V. I. Syndromological diagnostics of diseases of the nervous system: A guide for doctors. St. Petersburg: Special Literature, 1997;1. 304 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru"></mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en"></mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
