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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">uzspbgmu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Учёные записки Первого Санкт-Петербургского государственного медицинского университета имени академика И. П. Павлова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Scientific Notes of the Pavlov University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1607-4181</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24884/1607-4181-2025-32-4-90-96</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">uzspbgmu-1208</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ РАБОТЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анатомическая характеристика устьев легочных вен в сердце взрослого человека</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Anatomical characteristics of the pulmonary vein ostia in the heart of human adults</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6681-7537</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гапонов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gaponov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гапонов Антон Александрович, ассистент кафедры анатомии человека; инженер учебной лаборатории медицинской и биологической физики</p><p>620028, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Репина, д. 3;</p><p>20062, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Мира, д. 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gaponov Anton A., Assistant of the Department of Human Anatomy; Engineer of the Educational Laboratory of Medical and Biological Physics</p><p>3 Repina str., Yekaterinburg, 620028;</p><p>19, Mira str., Yekaterinburg, Russia, 620002</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8267-2895</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Якимов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Iakimov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Якимов Андрей Аркадьевич, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент; доцент кафедры медицинской биохимии и биофизики</p><p>620028, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Репина, д. 3;</p><p>20062, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Мира, д. 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Iakimov Andrei A., Cand. of Sci (Med.), Associate Professor; Associate Professor of the Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics</p><p>3 Repina str., Yekaterinburg, 620028;</p><p>19, Mira str., Yekaterinburg, Russia, 620002</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Ayakimov07@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уральский государственный медицинский университет; Уральский Федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б. Н. Ельцина</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural State Medical University; Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>90</fpage><lpage>96</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гапонов А.А., Якимов А.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гапонов А.А., Якимов А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gaponov A.A., Iakimov A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sci-notes.ru/jour/article/view/1208">https://www.sci-notes.ru/jour/article/view/1208</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Количество, форма, размеры устьев легочных вен (ЛВ) в совокупности формируют анатомические варианты, которые могут быть ассоциированы с предсердными аритмиями, потребуют персонификации диагностической и хирургической тактики.</p><p>Цель – дать анатомическую характеристику количеству, форме и величине устьев легочных вен в стенке левого предсердия сердца взрослого человека.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы и материалы</title><p>Методы и материалы. Изучили 54 препарата предсердий сердца людей среднего и пожилого возраста, умерших от «несердечных» причин. Моделировали диастолу левого предсердия (ЛП), заполняя его силиконом. После застывания силикона стенки препарировали. Штангенциркулем ШЦЦ-1-125 0,01 измеряли короткий и длинный диаметры каждого устья. По формулам круга или эллипса рассчитывали площадь устьев. Для попарного сравнения использовали U-критерий Манна – Уитни. Находили коэффициент корреляции Спирмена (Rs).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В 90,7 % каждая из четырех ЛВ, впадавших в ЛП, имела свое устье. В 9,3 % было три устья ЛВ: два устья правых ЛВ и общее устье левых ЛВ. Овальная форма более характерна для левых ЛВ, чем для правых. Площади устьев левой верхней (медиана 135,6 мм2) и правой нижней ЛВ (медиана 136,2 мм2) были больше, чем площадь левой нижней ЛВ (медиана 103,5 мм2), но уступали площади устья правой верхней ЛВ (медиана 152,2 мм2). Площадь устья правой нижней ЛВ коррелировала с длиной сердца (Rs=0,37) и массой сердца (Rs=0,43). Площади устьев трех остальных ЛВ коррелировали с шириной левого предсердия (Rs=0,35).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Для пациентов, умерших от причин, не связанных с болезнями сердца и его сосудов, типична анатомия задней стенки ЛП, характеризующаяся двумя правыми и двумя левыми устьями ЛВ, как правило, овальной формы и разной площади.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The number, shape, and size of the pulmonary vein (PV) orifices together form anatomical variants that may be associated with atrial arrhythmias and require personalized diagnostic and surgical tactics.</p><p>The objective to provide an anatomical description of the number, shape, and size of the pulmonary vein orifices in the wall of the left atrium in human adults.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods and materials</title><p>Methods and materials. We studied 54 heart atrial specimens obtained from middle-aged and elderly humans who died from non-cardiac diseases. We modeled the diastole of the left atrium (LA) by filling it with silicone. After the silicone hardened, the walls were dissected. We measured the short and long diameters of each orifice with a digital caliper, calculated the area of the orifices using the formulas. The Mann – Whitney U-test and Spearman correlation (Rs) were used.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In 90.7 %, each of the four PVs flowing into LA had its own orifice. In 9.3 %, the atrial roof bore three PV orifices: two orifices of the right PVs and a common orifice of the left PVs. Oval orifices were more common for the left PVs than for the right ones. The orifice areas of the left superior (median 135.6 mm2) and right inferior PVs (median 136.2 mm2) were larger than the area of the left inferior PV (median 103.5 mm2), but smaller than the orifice area of the right superior PV (median 152.2 mm2). Analysis revealed moderate correlations between the values of the area of the right inferior PV orifice, the heart length (Rs 0.37) and mass (Rs 0.43). The area values of the other three PVs orifices correlated with the LA width (Rs 0.35).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. In middle-aged and elderly humans who died from non-cardiac diseases, LA posterior wall commonly exhibited two right and two left PV orifices of different areas, rather oval than round.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>анатомия сердца</kwd><kwd>предсердия</kwd><kwd>кровеносные сосуды</kwd><kwd>легочные вены</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>heart anatomy</kwd><kwd>heart atria</kwd><kwd>blood vessels</kwd><kwd>pulmonary veins</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anderson R. H., Cook A. C., Spicer D. E. et al. Wilcox’s surgical anatomy of the heart. 5th ed. Cambridge Univ. Press. 2024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anderson R. H., Cook A. C., Spicer D. E. et al. Wilcox’s surgical anatomy of the heart. 5th ed. Cambridge Univ. 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