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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">uzspbgmu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Учёные записки Первого Санкт-Петербургского государственного медицинского университета имени академика И. П. Павлова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Scientific Notes of the Pavlov University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1607-4181</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24884/1607-4181-2025-32-3-95-103</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">uzspbgmu-1157</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ РАБОТЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Стратификация рисков смерти и трансформации в острый миелоидный лейкоз у пациентов с миелодиспластическим синдромом на основе оценки патогенности мутаций в гене TP53</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Risk stratification for survival and transformation into acute myeloid leukemia in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome based on the pathogenicity assessment of TP53 mutations</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5849-1311</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Буг</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bug</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Буг Дмитрий Сергеевич, младший научный сотрудник НИЦ биоинформатики НОИ биомедицины</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bug Dmitrii S., Junior Research Fellow, Bioinformatics Research Center of Scientific Educational Institute of Biomedicine</p><p>6-8, L’va Tolstogo str., Saint Petersburg, 197022 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bug.dmitrii@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6715-0340</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жоголев</surname><given-names>Д. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhogolev</surname><given-names>D. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жоголев Дмитрий Константинович, врач-гематолог НИИ ДОГиТ им. Р. М. Горбачевой</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zhogolev Dmitrii K., Hematologist, R.M. Gorbacheva Research Institute of Paediatric Oncology, Haematology and Transplantology</p><p> 6-8, L’va Tolstogo str., Saint Petersburg, 197022 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.zhogolev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цвирко</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsvirko</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Цвирко Ксения Сергеевна, врач-гематолог поликлинического отделения с стационаром дневного пребывания для взрослых НИИ ДОГиТ им. Р. М. Горбачевой</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tsvirko Ksenia S., Hematologist of the Polyclinic Department with Day-Care Hospital for Adults, Raisa Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation</p><p>6-8, L’va Tolstogo str., Saint Petersburg, 197022 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8401-0817</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цветков</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsvetkov</surname><given-names>N. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Цветков Николай Юрьевич, кандидат медицинских наук, врачгематолог поликлинического отделения со стационаром дневного пребывания для взрослых НИИ ДОГиТ им. Р. М. Горбачевой</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tsvetkov Nikolay Yu., Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Hematologist of the Polyclinic Department with Day-Care Hospital for Adults, Raisa Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation</p><p>6-8, L’va Tolstogo str., Saint Petersburg, 197022 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8000-3652</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бархатов</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Barkhatov</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бархатов Ильдар Мунерович, кандидат медицинских наук, зав. ЛТиМГ НИИ ДОГиТ им. Р. М. Горбачевой</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Barkhatov Ildar M., Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Laboratory Head, R.M. Gorbacheva Research Institute of Paediatric Oncology, Haematology and Transplantology</p><p>6-8, L’va Tolstogo str., Saint Petersburg, 197022 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">i.barkhatov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1489-5058</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Наркевич</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Narkevich</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наркевич Артем Николаевич, доктор медицинских наук, доцент, профессор</p><p>454141, г. Челябинск, ул. Воровского, д. 64</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Narkevich Artem N., Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor</p><p>64, Vorovskogo str., Chelyabinsk, 454092</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">narkevichart@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4282-8717</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тишков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tishkov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тишков Артем Валерьевич, кандидат физико-математических наук, доцент, зав. кафедрой физики, математики и информатики</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tishkov Artem V., Cand. of Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Associate Professor, Head of the Physics, Mathematics, and Informatics Department</p><p>6-8, L’va Tolstogo str., Saint Petersburg, 197022 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">artem.tishkov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9605-485X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Морозова Елена Владиславовна, доктор медицинских наук, руководитель отдела онкологии, гематологии и трансплантологии для подростков и взрослых НИИ ДОГиТ им. Р. М. Горбачевой</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Morozova Elena V., Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Oncology, Hematology and Transplantology for Adolescents and Adults, Raisa Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation</p><p>6-8, L’va Tolstogo str., Saint Petersburg, 197022 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6397-824X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петухова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petukhova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петухова Наталья Витальевна, кандидат биологических наук, руководитель НИЦ биоинформатики НОИ биомедицины</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petukhova Natalia V., Cand. of Sci. (Biol.), Head of the Bioinformatics Research Center of Scientific Educational Institute of Biomedicine</p><p> 6-8, L’va Tolstogo str., Saint Petersburg, 197022 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nvp.bioinfo@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9589-4136</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулагин</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulagin</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кулагин Александр Дмитриевич, доктор медицинский наук, профессор, проректор по научной работе, директор института НИИ ДОГиТ им. Р. М. Горбачевой</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kulagin A lexander D.,  Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Vice-Rector for Research, Director R. M. Gorbacheva Research Institute of Paediatric Oncology, Haematology and Transplantology</p><p>6-8, L’va Tolstogo str., Saint Petersburg, 197022 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И. П. Павлова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Южно-Уральский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>South Ural State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>95</fpage><lpage>103</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Буг Д.С., Жоголев Д.К., Цвирко К.С., Цветков Н.Ю., Бархатов И.М., Наркевич А.Н., Тишков А.В., Морозова Е.В., Петухова Н.В., Кулагин А.Д., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Буг Д.С., Жоголев Д.К., Цвирко К.С., Цветков Н.Ю., Бархатов И.М., Наркевич А.Н., Тишков А.В., Морозова Е.В., Петухова Н.В., Кулагин А.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bug D.S., Zhogolev D.K., Tsvirko K.S., Tsvetkov N.Y., Barkhatov I.M., Narkevich A.N., Tishkov A.V., Morozova E.V., Petukhova N.V., Kulagin A.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sci-notes.ru/jour/article/view/1157">https://www.sci-notes.ru/jour/article/view/1157</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Миелодиспластические синдромы (МДС) неоднородны по своей морфологии, клиническим характеристикам, выживаемости пациентов и вероятности трансформации: наличие мутации TP53 при МДС коррелирует с более высокой категорией риска, резистентностью к терапии, быстрой трансформацией и неблагоприятным исходом. Однако в настоящее время мало внимания уделяется степени функционального дефицита поврежденного гена вследствие мутаций.</p><p>Цель – разработка системы для стратификации риска у пациентов с МДС на основе оценки патогенности мутации в гене TP53.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы и материалы</title><p>Методы и материалы. Ретроспективно были проанализированы результаты мутационного анализа гена TP53 2343 взрослых пациентов с МДС при отсутствии известной делеции гена TP53, полученные в ходе работы Международной рабочей группы изучения миелодиспластического синдрома в 2022 г. Дополнительно был проведен анализ результатов исследования TP53 пациентов Первого Санкт-Петербургского государственного медицинского университета им. акад. И. П. Павлова с МДС и острым миелоидным лейкозом (ОМЛ).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. На основе ранее созданной системы классификации все пациенты были разделены на три группы: не имеющие мутации в TP53, имеющие патогенную мутацию и имеющие нейтральный генетический вариант. Были обнаружены различия в общей и безлейкозной пятилетней выживаемости между группами пациентов с МДС с патогенными и нейтральными мутациями согласно разработанной системе. Дополнительно на группе пациентов ФГБОУ ВО ПСПбГМУ им. И. П. Павлова Минздрава России была показана разница в беспрогрессивной выживаемости между группами пациентов с МДС или ОМЛ с патогенными и нейтральными вариантами согласно разработанной системе.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Созданная информационная система может быть использована для поддержки принятия врачебных решений в случае обнаружения неинтерпретируемых вариантов в гене TP53. Универсальность использованных подходов позволяет адаптировать систему к другим генам и нозологиям.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are diverse in terms of their appearance, symptoms, survival rate, and progression risk. A TP53 mutation in a patient with MDS indicates a higher risk category, a lower chance of treatment success, a faster progression, and a poorer overall outcome. However, at present, there is insufficient focus on the degree of gene functional deficiency as a result of mutations.</p><p>The objective was to develop a system for risk stratification of patients with MDS by assessing the pathogenicity of TP53 mutations.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods and materials</title><p>Methods and materials. We performed a retrospective analysis of TP53 mutations discovered during the 2022 International Working Group for the study of MDS research. The study was done on 2,343 adult patients with MDS without a known deletion in the TP53 gene. Additionally, we reviewed the results of a separate study on the TP53 gene, which involved patients with MDS as well as others with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This study was conducted at Pavlov University.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Based on the previously established classification algorithm, all patients were divided into three groups: those without a mutation in the TP53 gene, those with a damaging mutation according to the classification system, and those with a neutral genetic variant according to it. There were differences in overall and leukemia-free five-year survival rates between groups of patients with MDS with damaging and neutral variants according to the developed system. Furthermore, a group of patients at the Pavlov University showed a difference in progression-free survival between groups of patients with MDS or AML with damaging and neutral variants according to our classification system.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The novel information system can be used to support medical decision-making in case of detection of variants of unknown significance in the TP53 gene. The universality of the approaches used makes it possible to adapt the system to other genes and pathologies.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>молекулярная патология</kwd><kwd>мутация</kwd><kwd>клиническое значение</kwd><kwd>миелодиспластический синдром</kwd><kwd>оценка патогенности</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>molecular pathology</kwd><kwd>mutation</kwd><kwd>clinical significance</kwd><kwd>myelodysplastic syndrome</kwd><kwd>pathogenicity evaluation</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено на базе НИЦ биоинформатики НОИ биомедицины ФГБОУ ВО ПСПбГМУ им. И.П. Павлова Минздрава России.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Greenberg P., Cox C., LeBeau M. M. et al. 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