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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">uzspbgmu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Учёные записки Первого Санкт-Петербургского государственного медицинского университета имени академика И. П. Павлова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Scientific Notes of the Pavlov University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1607-4181</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24884/1607-4181-2025-32-2-26-34</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">uzspbgmu-1126</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ РАБОТЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние социально-экономических, демографических и медицинских факторов на морфологическое развитие плода и массу новорожденного</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The impact of socio-economic, demographic and medical factors on the morphological development of the fetus and the weight of the newborn</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5641-0269</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иутинский</surname><given-names>Э. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Iutinsky</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иутинский Эдуард Михайлович, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, доцент кафедры акушерства и гинекологии </p><p>610998, г. Киров, ул. К. Маркса, д. 112 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Iutinsky Eduard M., Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology </p><p>112, K. Marksa str., Kirov, 610998 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iutinskiy@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8195-0996</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Железнов</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zheleznov</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Железнов Лев Михайлович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, ректор </p><p>610998, г. Киров, ул. К. Маркса, д. 112 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zheleznov Lev M., Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Rector </p><p>112, K. Marksa str., Kirov, 610998 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rector@kirovgma.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5632-0447</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дворянский</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dvoryansky</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дворянский Сергей Афанасьевич, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой акушерства и гинекологии </p><p>610998, г. Киров, ул. К. Маркса, д. 112 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dvoryansky Sergey A., Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology </p><p>112, K. Marksa str., Kirov, 610998 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kf1@kirovgma.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кировский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kirov State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>26</fpage><lpage>34</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Иутинский Э.М., Железнов Л.М., Дворянский С.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иутинский Э.М., Железнов Л.М., Дворянский С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Iutinsky E.M., Zheleznov L.M., Dvoryansky S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sci-notes.ru/jour/article/view/1126">https://www.sci-notes.ru/jour/article/view/1126</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Морфологическое развитие плода и масса новорожденного являются ключевыми индикаторами перинатального здоровья, отражающими как биологические, так и социально-экономические, демографические и медицинские особенности матери. В условиях региональных различий и изменяющейся структуры материнства необходимо комплексное изучение влияния таких факторов, как социально-экономический статус (уровень дохода, образования, паритет, статус курения), возраст матери, а также наличие заболеваний и антропометрические показатели (ИМТ) до беременности, на исходы родов.Цель – определение совокупного влияния социально-экономических, демографических и медицинских факторов на морфометрические показатели плода и массу новорожденного в условиях регионального анализа, а также выявление оптимальных параметров для формирования благоприятного внутриутробного развития.Методы и материалы. В исследовании проведен ретроспективный анализ данных 5161 беременной женщины, наблюдавшейся в Кировском областном клиническом перинатальном центре. Все данные были разделены на подгруппы по возрасту матери (младше 20, 20–30, 31–40, ≥41 года), социально-экономическим показателям (уровень дохода, образования, паритет, статус курения) и медицинским характеристикам (наличие заболеваний: гипертония, преэклампсия, сахарный диабет, SARS-CoV-2, фетоплацентарная недостаточность; ИМТ до беременности). Для статистической обработки использовались методы описательной статистики, однофакторного и многофакторного дисперсионного анализа (ANOVA), пост-хок тест Тьюки, множественная линейная регрессия и логистическая регрессия. Программное обеспечение – SPSS (версия 26.0) и R (версия 4.0.2).Результаты. Многофакторный анализ показал, что все исследованные факторы оказывают статистически значимое влияние на массу новорожденного (p&lt;0,001). Оптимальные показатели выявлены у матерей в возрасте 20–30 лет с высоким уровнем дохода и образования, некурящих, имеющих вторую беременность, нормальный ИМТ (18,5–24,9 кг/м2) и отсутствие сопутствующих заболеваний. Низкий ИМТ и наличие заболеваний (гипертония, преэклампсия, сахарный диабет, SARS-CoV-2, фетоплацентарная недостаточность) приводят к снижению массы новорожденного до 20 % по сравнению с контрольной группой, тогда как повышенный ИМТ (25,0–29,9 кг/м2) частично компенсирует негативные эффекты заболеваний, увеличивая массу плода на 8–10 %.Выводы. Полученные результаты подчеркивают необходимость комплексного подхода в перинатальной медицине с учетом социально-экономических, демографических и медицинских факторов. Персонализированная стратегия ведения беременности, включающая контроль за состоянием здоровья матери, оптимизацию антропометрических показателей и коррекцию социальных факторов, способствует улучшению исходов родов и снижению риска гипотрофии плода. Результаты исследования имеют практическое значение для разработки программ поддержки беременных женщин в регионах с различной социальной структурой.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Relevance. The morphological development of the fetus and the weight of the newborn are key indicators of perinatal health, reflecting both the biological, socio-economic, demographic and medical characteristics of the mother. In the context of regional differences and the changing structure of motherhood, it is necessary to comprehensively study the influence of such factors as socio-economic status (income level, education, parity, and smoking status), maternal age, as well as the presence of diseases and anthropometric indicators (BMI) before pregnancy on the outcome of childbirth.The objective of this study was to determine the cumulative effect of socio-economic, demographic and medical factors on the morphometric parameters of the fetus and the weight of the newborn in a regional analysis, as well as to identify optimal parameters for the formation of favorable intrauterine development.Methods and materials. The study conducted a retrospective analysis of the data of 5,161 pregnant women who were observed at the Kirov Regional Clinical Perinatal Center. All data were divided into subgroups by maternal age (younger than 20, 20–30, 31–40, ≥41 years), socio-economic indicators (income level, education, parity, smoking status) and medical characteristics (presence of diseases: hypertension, preeclampsia, diabetes mellitus, SARS-CoV-2, fetoplacental insufficiency; BMI before pregnancy). Methods of descriptive statistics, univariate and multifactorial analysis of variance (ANOVA), post-hoc Tukey test, multiple linear regression and logistic regression were used for statistical processing. The software was SPSS (version 26.0) and R (version 4.0.2).Results. Multifactorial analysis showed that all the studied factors have a statistically significant effect on the weight of the newborn (p&lt;0.001). Optimal indicators were found in mothers aged 20–30 years with a high level of income and education, non–smokers, having a second pregnancy, a normal BMI (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) and the absence of concomitant diseases. Low BMI and the presence of diseases (hypertension, preeclampsia, diabetes mellitus, SARS-CoV-2, fetoplacental insufficiency) lead to a decrease in newborn weight by up to 20 % compared with the control group, while an increased BMI (25.0–29.9 kg/m2) partially compensates for the negative effects of diseases, increasing fetal weight by 8–10 %.Conclusions. The obtained results emphasize the need for an integrated approach in perinatal medicine, taking into account socio-economic, demographic and medical factors. A personalized pregnancy management strategy, including monitoring the state of maternal health, optimizing anthropometric indicators, and correcting social factors, improves birth outcomes and reduces the risk of fetal hypotrophy. The results of the study are of practical importance for the development of programs to support pregnant women in regions with different social structures.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>масса новорожденного</kwd><kwd>социально-экономические факторы</kwd><kwd>возраст матери</kwd><kwd>ИМТ</kwd><kwd>заболевания при беременности</kwd><kwd>перинатальные исходы</kwd><kwd>региональный анализ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>newborn’s weight</kwd><kwd>socio-economic factors</kwd><kwd>maternal age</kwd><kwd>BMI</kwd><kwd>diseases during pregnancy</kwd><kwd>perinatal outcomes</kwd><kwd>regional analysis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зиядинов А. А., Новикова В. А., Матейкович Е. А. и др. 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