<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">uzspbgmu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Учёные записки Первого Санкт-Петербургского государственного медицинского университета имени академика И. П. Павлова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Scientific Notes of the Pavlov University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1607-4181</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-8807</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24884/1607-4181-2024-31-2-56-61</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">uzspbgmu-1040</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Хирургическая тактика родоразрешения при врастании плаценты с позиций перинатального акушерства</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Surgical management of delivery with placenta accreta spectrum from the perspective of perinatal obstetrics</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1875-4567</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ральникова</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ralnikova</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ральникова Анна Юрьевна - врач акушер-гинеколог акушерского отделения патологии беременности клиники акушерства и гинекологии.</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ralnikova Anna Yu. - Obstetrician-Gynecologist of the Obstetric Department of Pregnancy Pathology at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic.</p><p>6-8, L’va Tolstogo str., Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anna.ralnikova1510@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7807-4929</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беженарь</surname><given-names>В. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bezhenar</surname><given-names>V. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Беженарь Виталий Федорович - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой акушерства, гинекологии и неонатологии/кафедрой акушерства, гинекологии и репродуктологии, руководитель клиники.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bezhenar Vitaly F. - Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Neonatology/ Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Head of the Clinic.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bez-vitaly@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2868-7997</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аракелян</surname><given-names>Б. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Arakelyan</surname><given-names>B. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аракелян Бюзанд Вазгенович - доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры акушерства, гинекологии и неонатологии, заместитель руководителя клиники акушерства и гинекологии.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Arakelyan Buzand V. - Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Neonatology.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">byuzand@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1282-4544</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Габелова</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gabelova</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> </p><p>Габелова Карина Александровна - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры акушерства, гинекологии и неонатологии, зав. акушерским отделением патологии беременных клиники акушерства и гинекологии.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gabelova Karina A. - Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Neonatology, Head of the Obstetric Department of Pregnancy Pathology at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kgabelova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-1936</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Линде</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Linde</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Линде Виктор Анатольевич - доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры акушерства, гинекологии и репродуктологии.</p><p>СанктПетербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Linde Viktor A. - Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Vik-linde@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Молчанов</surname><given-names>О. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Molchanov</surname><given-names>O. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Молчанов Олег Леонидович - доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры акушерства, гинекологии и репродуктологии.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Molchanov Oleg L. - Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">moleg700@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>56</fpage><lpage>61</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ральникова А.Ю., Беженарь В.Ф., Аракелян Б.В., Габелова К.А., Линде В.А., Молчанов О.Л., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ральникова А.Ю., Беженарь В.Ф., Аракелян Б.В., Габелова К.А., Линде В.А., Молчанов О.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ralnikova A.Y., Bezhenar V.F., Arakelyan B.V., Gabelova K.A., Linde V.A., Molchanov O.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sci-notes.ru/jour/article/view/1040">https://www.sci-notes.ru/jour/article/view/1040</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В данной статье поднимается вопрос планирования сроков и метода оперативного родоразрешения у беременных с врастанием плаценты. Placenta accreta spectrum является одним из самых грозных осложнений беременности, родоразрешение беременных с данной патологией сопровождается массивной кровопотерей, а программируемые поздние преждевременные роды ведут к повышению перинатальной заболеваемости.</p><p>Цель – оценить возможность пролонгирования беременности до доношенного срока у пациенток с патологией прикрепления плаценты.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы и материалы</title><p>Методы и материалы. Проанализированы 94 истории беременных с врастанием плаценты, родоразрешенных с 2017 по 2023 гг. Все пациентки разделены на 4 группы по топографии врастания плаценты. Для оценки перинатальных исходов беременные были разделены на 2 группы: 1 группа – беременные, родоразрешенные с 34 по 36 недели гестации (n=82; 87 %) ; 2 группа – пациентки, прооперированные в сроки с 37 по 39 недели гестации (n=12; 13 %). Статистический анализ выполнен с применением программы StatTech v. 4.2.7.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Среди беременных, чье родоразрешение завершилось гистерэктомией (n=32, 100 %), наибольшая часть пациенток с врастанием плаценты в области параметриев и шейки матки (n=12; 43,75 %). Средняя оценка новорожденных в 1-й группе составила на 1-й мин после извлечения – 7 баллов по шкале Апгар и на 5-й мин – 8 баллов по шкале Апгар, во 2-й группе – средняя оценка по шкале Апгар составила 8 и 8 баллов на 1-й и 5-й мин.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. При подозрении на врастание плаценты с поражением шейки матки, параметриев и нижней части задней стенки мочевого пузыря наиболее вероятно выполнение гистерэктомии. Таким беременным возможно сдвинуть сроки оперативного вмешательства к 37/38 неделям гестации с целью улучшения неонатальных исходов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. This article raises the issue of planning the timing and method of operative delivery in pregnant women with placenta accreta spectrum. Placenta accreta spectrum is one of the most formidable complications of pregnancy, the delivery of pregnant women with this pathology is accompanied by massive blood loss, and programmed late premature birth leads to an increase in perinatal morbidity.</p><p>The objective was to evaluate the possibility of prolonging pregnancy to full term in patients with pathology of placenta accreta spectrum.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods and materials</title><p>Methods and materials. 94 histories of pregnant women with placenta accreta spectrum, delivered from 2017 to 2023, were analyzed. All patients were divided into 4 groups according to the topography of placenta accreta. According to the assessment of perinatal outcomes, pregnant women were divided into 2 groups: group 1 – pregnant women who delivered at 34–36 weeks of pregnancy (n=82; 87 %); group 2 – patients operated on from 37 to 39 weeks of gestation (n=12; 13 %). The statistical analysis was performed using the program StatTech v. 4.2.7.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Among pregnant women whose delivery ended with hysterectomy (n=32, 100 %), the largest proportion of patients had placenta accreta in the area of the parametrium and cervix (n=12, 43.75 %). The average score of newborns in group 1 was 7 points on the Apgar scale at 1 minute after extraction and 8 points on the Apgar scale at 5 minutes; in group</p><p>2, the average score on the Apgar scale was 8 and 8 points at 1 and 5 minutes.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. If placenta accreta is suspected and involves the cervix, parametrium, and lower part of the posterior wall of the bladder, a hysterectomy is most likely to be performed. For such pregnant women, it is possible to shift the timing of surgical intervention to 37/38 weeks of gestation in order to improve neonatal outcomes.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>врастание плаценты</kwd><kwd>placenta accreta spectrum</kwd><kwd>PAS</kwd><kwd>placenta accreta</kwd><kwd>placenta percreta</kwd><kwd>placenta increta</kwd><kwd>топография врастания плаценты</kwd><kwd>диагностика врастания плаценты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>placenta accreta spectrum</kwd><kwd>PAS</kwd><kwd>placenta accreta</kwd><kwd>placenta percreta</kwd><kwd>placenta increta</kwd><kwd>topography of placental accreta spectrum disorders</kwd><kwd>diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum disorders</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Conturie C. L., Lyell D. J. Prenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum // Current opinion in obstetrics &amp; gynecology. ‒ 2022. ‒ Vol. 34, № 2. ‒ P. 90–99. DOI: 10.1097/GCO.0000000000000773.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Conturie C. L., Lyell D. J. Prenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum. Current opinion in obstetrics &amp; gynecology. 2022;34(2):90–99. DOI: 10.1097/GCO.0000000000000773.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jauniaux E., Kingdom J. C., Silver R. M. A comparison of recent guidelines in the diagnosis and management of placenta accreta spectrum disorders // Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology. ‒ 2021. ‒ Vol. 72. ‒ P. 102‒116. DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2020.06.007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jauniaux E., Kingdom J. C., Silver R. M. A comparison of recent guidelines in the diagnosis and management of placenta accreta spectrum disorders. Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology. 2021;72:102‒116. DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2020.06.007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Toussia-Cohen S., Castel E., Friedrich L. et al. Neonatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by placenta accrete ‒ a matched cohort study // Archives of gynecology and obstetrics. ‒ 2024. ‒ Vol. 310. ‒ P. 269–275. DOI: 10.1007/S00404-023-07353-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Toussia­Cohen S., Castel E., Friedrich L. et al. Neonatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by placenta accrete ‒ a matched cohort study. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics. 2024;310:269–275. DOI: 10.1007/s00404-023-07353-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Либова Т. А., Аракелян Б. В., Резник В. А. и др. Способ уменьшения объема кровопотери при врастании плаценты. 2 698 051 C1 Российская Федерация.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Libova T. A., Arakelyan B. V., Reznik V. A. et al. A method for reducing the volume of blood loss during placenta accreta. 2 698 051 C1 Russian Federation. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ральникова А. Ю., Беженарь В. Ф., Аракелян Б. В. и др. Успешное органосохраняющее хирургическое лечение у пациентки с врастанием предлежащей плаценты в область рубца на матке // Акушерство и гинекология. ‒ 2020. ‒ Т. 2. ‒ С. 183‒9. DOI: 10.18565/aig.2020.2183-189.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ralnikova A. Yu., Bezhenar V. F., Arakelyan B. V. et al. Successful organ­sparing surgical treatment in a patient with the placenta previa growing into the uterine scar region. Obstetrics and gynecology. 2020;2:183‒9. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.18565/aig.2020.2183-189.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Волков А. Е., Рымашевский М. А., Андрусенко И. В. Placenta accreta spectrum. Актуальные вопросы диагностики. Медицинский вестник Юга России. ‒ 2022. ‒ Т. 13, № 4. ‒ С. 58‒65. DOI: 10.21886/2219-8075-2022-13-4-58-65.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volkov A. E., Rymashevsky M. A., Andrusenko I. V. Placenta accreta spectrum. Current issues in diagnostics. Medical Bulletin of the South of Russia. 2022;13(4):58‒65. (In Russ.). DOI:10.21886/2219-8075-2022-13-4-58-65.7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Palacios-Jaraquemada J. M., Fiorillo A., Hamer J. et al. Placenta accreta spectrum: a hysterectomy can be prevented in almost 80% of cases using a resective-reconstructive technique // The journal of maternal-fetal &amp; neonatal medicine: the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians. ‒ 2022. ‒ Vol. 35, № 2. ‒ P. 275–282. DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1716715.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Palacios-Jaraquemada J. M., Fiorillo A., Hamer J. et al. Placenta accreta spectrum: a hysterectomy can be prevented in almost 80% of cases using a resective-reconstructive technique. The journal of maternal-fetal &amp; neonatal medicine: the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians. 2022;35(2):275–282. DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1716715.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jha P., Pōder L., Bourgioti C. et al. Society of Abdominal Radiology (SAR) and European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR) joint consensus statement for MR imaging of placenta accreta spectrum disorders // European radiology. ‒ 2020. ‒ Vol. 30, № 5. ‒ P. 2604–2615. DOI: 10.1007/S00330-019-06617-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jha P., Pōder L., Bourgioti C. et al. Society of Abdominal Radiology (SAR) and European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR) joint consensus statement for MR imaging of placenta accreta spectrum disorders. European radiology. 2020;30(5):2604–2615. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-019-06617-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ральникова А. Ю., Аракелян Б. В., Морозов А. Н. и др. Возможности магнитно-резонансной томографии в диагностике врастания плаценты // Акушерство и гинекология. ‒ 2023. ‒ Т. 12. ‒ С. 125‒132. DOI: 10.18565/aig.2023.227.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ralnikova A. Yu., Arakelyan B. V., Morozov A. N. et al. The potential of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of placenta accrete. Obstetrics and gynecology. 2023; 12:125‒132. DOI: 10.18565/aig.2023.227.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Palacios-Jaraquemada J. M., Nieto-Calvache Á. J., Aryananda R. A., Basanta N. Advantages of individualizing the placenta accreta spectrum management // Frontiers in Reproductive Health. ‒ 2023. ‒ Vol. 4. ‒ P. 1096175. DOI: 10.3389/frph.2022.1096175.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Palacios-Jaraquemada J. M., Nieto-Calvache Á. J., Aryananda R. A., Basanta N. Advantages of individualizing the placenta accreta spectrum management. Frontiers in Reproductive Health. 2023:4:1096175. DOI:10.3389/frph.2022.1096175</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bartels H. C., Walsh J. M., Ní Mhuircheartaigh R. et al. National clinical practice guideline: Diagnosis and management of placenta accreta spectrum // National Women and Infants Health Programme and The Institute of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. 2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bartels H. C., Walsh J. M., Ní Mhuircheartaigh R. et al. National clinical practice guideline: Diagnosis and management of placenta accreta spectrum. National Women and Infants Health Programme and The Institute of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. 2022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allen L., Jauniaux E., Hobson S. et al. FIGO consensus guidelines on placenta accreta spectrum disorders: Nonconservative surgical management // International Journal of Gynecology &amp; Obstetrics. ‒ 2018. ‒ Vol. 140, № 3. ‒ P. 281–290. DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.12409.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allen L., Jauniaux E., Hobson S. et al. FIGO consensus guidelines on placenta accreta spectrum disorders: Nonconservative surgical management. International Journal of Gynecology &amp; Obstetrics. 2018;140(3):281–290. DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.12409.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Placenta accreta spectrum. Obstetric Care Consensus No. 7. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology. ‒ 2018. ‒ Vol. 132. ‒ P. 259–75. DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002983.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Placenta accreta spectrum. Obstetric Care Consensus No. 7. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology. 2018;132:259–75. DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002983.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
